Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The recognition of the central role that arginin vasopressin plays in the pathogenesis of hyponatremia and the discovery that its actions are mediated by stimulation of V(1A) and V(2) receptors have led to the development of a new class of drugs, the arginin...

A 31-year-old man had been treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) for 6 years and warfarin with bucolome for 2 years before developing hyponatremia 7 days after an injection of interferon-alpha 2b and starting oral ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Despite the hyponatremia, urinary osmolality exceeded plasma osmolality, and urinary excretion volume decreased markedly after water load...

Terlipressin is a vasopressin analogue used for its vasoconstrictor effect in the treatment of variceal bleeding. Despite its good safety profile compared to vasopressin, some adverse reactions may occur during its use - e.g. hyponatremia. We describe a case of a cirrhotic patient with active variceal bleeding treated during two separate hospitalizations with terlipressin. In both drug treatmen...

Background: Hyponatremia occurs in up to 30% of patients with pneumonia and is associated increased morbidity mortality. The prevalence hyponatremia coronavirus disease 2019 the impact on outcome unknown. We aimed identify prevalence, having admitted COVID-19. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted among adult confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) i...

Thyroid disorders, particularly hypothyroidism, have historically been implicated in the development of serum hyponatremia. However, in more recent years, this paradigm has been challenged, and it has been suggested that the link between hypothyroidism and hyponatremia may merely be an association. This review will focus on the thyroid and its link with serum hyponatremia, and review the availa...

• Hyponatremia and hepatorenal syndrome are complications that occur in patients with cirrhosis and ascites and represent a stage of “further” decompensation of cirrhosis • Worsened vasodilatation with consequent non-osmotic release of arginine-vasopressin and renal vasoconstriction are the main pathogenic mechanism for hyponatremia and hepatorenal syndrome, respectively • Both hyponatremia and...

Mild chronic hyponatremia, as defined by a persistent (>72 hours) plasma sodium concentration between 125 and 135 mEq/L without apparent symptoms, is common in ambulatory patients and generally perceived as being inconsequential. The association between increased mortality and hyponatremia in hospitalized patients in various settings and etiologies is widely recognized. This review analyzes the...

BACKGROUND Pemetrexed-platinum doublet therapy is a standard treatment for stage IIIb/IV nonsquamous non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While the regimen is associated with several grade ≥3 toxicities, hyponatremia is not a commonly reported adverse effect. Here we report an unusually high incidence of grade ≥3 hyponatremia in Indian patients receiving pemetrexed-platinum doublet, and the phar...

There is a high prevalence of chronic hyponatremia in the elderly, frequently owing to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Recent reports have shown that even mild hyponatremia is associated with impaired gait stability and increased falls. An increased risk of falls among elderly hyponatremic patients represents a risk factor for fractures, which would be furt...

Whether hyponatremia (sodium <135 mEq/L) in the acute phase of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is just a marker of "more ill" patients or decreased sodium concentration is able to exert a direct adverse effect on the cardiovascular system is still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic impact, in the short and long terms, of admission hyponatremia in 1,231 consec...