The passive index investing revolution and the demand for bespoke environmental, social, governance (“ESG”) investment products are most monumental changes to shape investor landscape many years. These developments have been accompanied by an unprecedented concentration of power among BlackRock, Vanguard, State Street (the “Big Three” asset managers). Inevitably, Big Three powerful shareholders...

Purpose This paper aims to examine consumers’ evaluation of and reaction the coexistence brand misconduct sustainability claims through a series studies. Design/methodology/approach The research questions are examined across three Consumer’s scepticism corporate social responsibility (CSR) is considered driver distance. Brand hypocrisy postulated mediate relationship between CSR Furthermore, tr...