Sedative and analgesic agents are frequently used for procedural sedation. Titration of anesthetic doses should be done cautiously and the patients should be continuously monitored. So far, an ideal intravenous anesthetic agent is none [1,2]. A combination of ketamine and propofol has several ideal anesthetic properties. Several clinical studies of the use of ketofol have been evaluated. To dat...

Pharmacological studies were done on the root bark of mulberry tree and pharmacological effects were compared with the clinical effects of "Sohakuhi" in Chinese medicine. n-Butanol- and water-soluble fractions of mulberry root had similar effects except for those on the cadiovascular system. Both fractions showed cathartic, analgesic, diuretic, antitussive, antiedema, sedative, anticonvulsant, ...

The purpose of the study was to compare hydroxyzine (HYD) and 0.2mg/Kg midazolam (MDZ) as sedative agents for young pediatric dental patients. Twenty-nine healthy two-to-four-year-old children participated in the study. Hydroxyzine was dripped nasally 10 minutes before treatment. The patient's crying, alertness, movement and general behavior were blindly assessed and statistically analyzed. No ...

EM P L O Y I N G electroneurographic technics, Bein and McCubbin and Page have shown that a significant portion of the acute cardiovascular effects of reserpine is mediated centrally. The mechanism involved is not known but, since serotonin has been shown to inhibit central synaptic transmission, Brodie et al. and Shore et al. have suggested that the sedative effect of reserpine might depend up...

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that Bispectral Index (BIS) may be less reliable in detecting depth of anesthesia or sedation during use of certain anesthetics or sedatives. These studies suggest that depth of sedation as measured by BIS may be drug-dependent. To date, data related to the effects of sedative agent on BIS in children are limited due to small sample sizes and inclus...

By A. E. Hail, Assistant Surgeon, Royal Artillery. This i3 a question which has been often asked, but which does not appear to have been answered satisfactorily. Waring, in his " Manual of Practical Therapeutics," page 296, tells us that " ipecacuanha possesses considerable sedative powers, as is shown by its influence in hajmorrliagic diseases ;" and at page 298?" Its beneficial operation is p...

Sleeplessness, a universal condition with diverse causes, may be increasingly diagnosed and treated (or medicalized) as insomnia. We examined the trend in sleeplessness complaints, diagnoses, and prescriptions of sedative hypnotics in physician office visits from 1993 to 2007. Consistent with the medicalization hypothesis, sleeplessness complaints and insomnia diagnoses increased over time and ...

Concerns about the safety of endoscopist-directed propofol (EDP) have been voiced that propofol should be given only by healthcare professionals trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Here we discuss the safety and drawbacks of EDP for routine endoscopic procedures. Currently, both diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy are well tolerated and accepted by both patients and endoscopis...

Ethchlorvynol, a sedative-hypnotic drug used clinically since 1955, has recently been the subject of renewed interest primarily because of its chemical relationship to vinyl chloride. In our totigestational studies, sperm-positive female rats were given a daily dose of ethchlorvynol dissolved in olive oil for 21 consecutive days. The dams were allowed to deliver and their offspring were observe...

We examined the effects of clonidine injected unilaterally into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of conscious, unrestrained rats. We also examined whether the local alpha(2)-adrenoceptor mechanism contributed to the action of clonidine injected into the RVLM. Injection of clonidine but not vehicle solution significantly decreased the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and re...