Filters rated as having a 0.2-microm pore size (0.2-microm-rated filters) are used in laboratory and manufacturing settings for diverse applications of bacterial and particle removal from process fluids, analytical test articles, and gasses. Using Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava, a diminutive bacterium with an unusual geometry (i.e., it is very thin), we evaluated passage through 0.2-microm-rated fi...

We derive the Euler equations as the hydrodynamic limit of a stochastic of a hardsphere gas. We show that the system does not produce entropy. 1 Hydrostatics of a gas of hard spheres We take space to be Λ ⊆ (aZ), and suppose the length a, representing the diameter of a molecule, to be so small compared with the variation of the macroscopic fields that we can replace all sums over Λ by integrals...

We study the dynamics and patterning of polar contractile filaments on the surface of a cylindrical cell using active hydrodynamic equations that incorporate couplings between curvature and filament orientation. Cables and rings spontaneously emerge as steady state configurations on the cylinder, and can be stationary or moving, helical or tilted segments moving along helical trajectories. We o...

We have written a 3D radiative transfer code that computes emerging spectra and intensity maps. We derive from radiative hydrodynamic (RHD) simulations of RSG stars carried out with COBOLD (Freytag et al. 2002) observables expected for red supergiant stars (RSG) especially for interferometric observations, with emphasis on small scale structures. We show that the convection-related surface stru...

BACKGROUND Ethanol injection is widely used in liposome preparation. However, the parameters determining particle size distribution of the liposomal preparation has not been fully defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A syringe pump-driven microfluidic injection device was used to produce liposomes under different conditions. RESULTS Particle size of the liposomes was decreased with decrease in ne...

Monodisperse biotinylated poly(styrene-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide) microspheres were synthesized in aqueous solutions with a two-step method. Upon the addition of avidin solutions of different concentrations in phosphate buffer into the dispersed biotinylated microspheres, the microspheres aggregated rapidly due to the high binding affinity between biotin and avidin. The hydrodynamic diameter of ...

Break-up strength of flocs against hydrodynamic strain generated in a converging flow adjacent to orifice was analyzed using polystyrene latex flocs of different structures. A simple method to find the largest surviving floc after passing through the orifice as a function of flow rate allows us to evaluate the bond strength in flocs. It was confirmed that the strength of floc is constant irresp...

We present in this Letter experimental results on the bidimensional flow field around a cylinder penetrating into dense granular matter, together with drag force measurements. A hydrodynamic model based on extended kinetic theory for dense granular flow reproduces well the flow localization close to the cylinder and the corresponding scalings of the drag force, which is found to not depend on v...

Magnetic particles are used for medical and pharmaceutical purposes such as delivery systems for drugs, genes, and radionuclides. In this study, the technique of chemical co-precipitation in aqueous solution was applied for the synthesis of iron-based magnetic particles. The size and size distribution of magnetic particles were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. Oxygen-free conditio...

A theoretical model based on the molecular interactions between a growing tumor and a dynamically evolving blood vessel network describes the transformation of the regular vasculature in normal tissues into a highly inhomogeneous tumor specific capillary network. The emerging morphology, characterized by the compartmentalization of the tumor into several regions differing in vessel density, dia...