A well-defined N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium(II)-1-methylimidazole [NHC-Pd(II)-Im] complex 1 was found to be an effective catalyst for the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of a variety of aryl chlorides with styrenes. Both activated and deactivated aryl chlorides work well to give the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields by using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as the ionic li...

Natural and synthetic hydrocarbon mixtures are complex samples containing hundreds of different aliphatic and aromatic components in widely differing concentrations. The number of components depends on a group-type composition and the range and distribution of boiling points of the components present in the mixture . Hydrocarbon mixtures are characterised in two ways, by structural group analys...

A novel method for palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl bromides promoted by low-level tri-n-butyltin chloride or cyanide is described. The method features low catalyst loading and mild reaction conditions. KCN is used as the cyanide source. Only trace levels of the tri-n-butyltin compound are required to achieve high conversion and yield in the cyanation of aryl bromides, iodides, and triflates.

Photoinduced, copper-catalyzed cross-coupling can offer a complementary approach to thermal (non-photoinduced) methods for generating C-X (X = C, N, O, S, etc.) bonds. In this report, we describe the first detailed mechanistic investigation of one of the processes that we have developed, specifically, the (stoichiometric) coupling of a copper-thiolate with an aryl iodide. In particular, we focu...

An efficient Pd catalyst for the transformation of aryl chlorides, triflates, and nonaflates to nitroaromatics has been developed. This reaction proceeds under weakly basic conditions and displays a broad scope and excellent functional group compatibility. Moreover, this method allows for the synthesis of aromatic nitro compounds that cannot be accessed efficiently via other nitration protocols...

A novel Pd-catalyzed intermolecular dehydrogenative annulation of aryl iodides and aryl carbamic chlorides for the efficient synthesis of phenanthridinone derivatives was developed. Simple aryl iodides and carbamic chlorides readily made from various anilines, a broad substrate scope with hetero/polycycles, as well as high-value products, make this direct dehydrogenative annulation approach ver...

One-pot N-arylation and oxidative coupling can be promoted by a common palladium catalyst in the presence of appropriate additives: palladium-catalyzed N-arylation of anilines with aryl triflates under the standard conditions followed by addition of acetic acid under oxygen or air atmosphere afforded various types of functionalized carbazoles in good to excellent yields.

an aquifer located within a petroleum processing plant in moín, costa rica, suffers hydrocarbon pollution. this study aimed to determine the ability of indigenous microorganisms from this site to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) to evaluate the feasibility of an eventual bioremediation process. aerobic conditions were found in the aquifer, while microbial analyses of the groundw...

CuI nanoparticles efficiently catalyzed the C-S cross coupling of aryl and alkyl thiols with aryl halides in the absence of ligands on water under mild conditions. A wide range of diaryl sulfides and aryl alkyl sulfides are synthesized in good to excellent yields utilizing this protocol. This procedure is particularly noteworthy given its mild conditions, avoiding the undesired formation of dis...

Kinetic studies on the pyridinolysis of aryl dithiocyclopentanecarboxyaltes 2 were carried out at 60.0 C in acetonitrile. In the aminolysis of 2, the βX values were 0.5 0.8 with anilines, and there was no breakpoint. However, in the pyridinolysis of 2, biphasic Brönsted plots were obtained, with a change in slope from a large value (βX ≅ 0.7) to a small value (βX ≅ 0.4) at pKa = 5.2. This was a...