Three methods have been used to experimentally determine the roughness function (DU) for several rough surfaces. These include the rotating disk, the towed plate, and the velocity profile methods. The first two are indirect methods in as much as they rely on measurements of overall torque or resistance and boundary layer similarity laws to obtain DU, whereas the velocity profile method provides...

Pressure systems are widely used in almost all areas of the public economy related to liquids. For example, at present, supply drinking water populated world, heating systems, agriculture, cleaning basins from muddy flows, mining industry, construction, raising chemical process moving flows same speed, pipeline viscous efficient being for transportation and many other purposes. Recently, plasti...

hydraulic attributes play important role in hydrological studies, soil conservation, designing irrigation and drainage systems, soil conservation, and controlling soil erosion in watersheds. their measurements are very tedious and time consuming and due to high spatial variability, a large number of measurements are required for obtaining reliable values. nowadays, prediction of these attribute...

The radar backscattering coefficient of three types of soil surfaces at observation angles (10°60°) have been calculated using integral equation model (IEM) for different values of root mean square (RMS) roughness heights and correlation lengths. The surfaces are represented by isotropic autocorrelation functions (exponential, 1.5 power and Gaussian). The dielectric constant (ε) of the soil, an...

Physical and mechanical regularities in the effect of certain processing operations on the shape and roughness of the hydraulic cylinder surface are found. The mechanisms of the spatial self-organization of the relief and surface of bearings under conditions of false brinelling are summarized and analyzed. The data obtained can be used for further scientific generalization or prediction and dia...

Solar air heater acts as one of the important components in utilization solar energy. The absorbs irradiance and converts it into heat energy at absorbing surface. thermal is further use heating flowing through duct. heaters are cost effective well simple design. can be used space heating, timber seasoning agricultural drying. In spite all these advantages has certain challenges such low transf...

Polymer corrugated pipelines are a very promising type of construction that has many advantages over concrete and reinforced structures widely used today for collecting diverting surface runoff from residential areas enterprise sites. To collect divert sites, the hydraulic characteristics drainage system made polymer culverts ACO Qmax studied by computational experimental methods. The experimen...

A simple idealized model to describe the hydraulic resistance caused by vegetation is compared to results from flow experiments conducted in natural waterways. Two field case studies are considered: fixed-point flow measurements in a Green River (case 1) and vessel-borne flow measurements along a cross-section with floodplains in the river Rhine (case 2). Analysis of the two cases shows that th...

Simultaneous measurements of the curves for wear versus distance, wear rate versus distance, and coefficient of friction versus distance were performed in situ to distinguish the transition from severe running-in wear to mild wear. The effects of the initial surface roughness on the severe running-in wear volume were investigated. Disk-on-plate friction and wear tests were carried out with SUS3...