Tracer studies are widely applied to characterize the hydraulic properties of reactors. In the case of activated sludge reactors, however, tracer test results are difficult to interpret due to internal and returned activated sludge recirculation. Empirical formulae can be considered as an alternative method of estimating the hydraulic conditions within the activated sludge reactor. The aim of t...

Upscaled soil hydraulic properties are needed for many large-scale hydrologic applications such as regional and global climate studies and investigations of land–atmosphere interactions. Many larger scale subsurface flow and contaminant transport studies also require upscaled hydraulic property estimates. The objectives of this study were to develop a methodology for upscaling hydraulic propert...

Streambank seeps commonly originate from localized heterogeneity or preferential flow pathways (PFPs) in riparian floodplains. However, limited field data have been reported on ground water seep flows and solute transport to seeps from PFPs. The objective of this research was to build upon previous floodplain-scale investigations of PFPs by analyzing seep discharge and transport characteristics...

Tarantulas extend the femur-patella (proximal) and tibia-metatarsal (distal) joints of their legs hydraulically. Because these two hydraulically actuated joints are positioned in series, hemolymph flow within each leg is expected to mechanically couple the movement of the joints. In the current study, we tested two hypotheses: (1) at lower temperatures, movement of the two in-series hydraulic j...

The stress wave produced by the piston impact, on drill rod, is an important factor affecting impact performance. It particularly to control waveform generated rod meet requirements of efficiency and component durability some mechanical systems. Based theory, model rock drilling established, a dimensionless collision coefficient γ put forward, matching relationship between different coefficient...

Side weir is a type of weirs that used extensively in a variety ofengineering projects such as river engineering, dam,waste water , Irrigation and drainage network. So the study on the flow characteristics on the type weir, is one of the mostimportant topics in hydraulic engineering. The spatially varied flow (S.V.F)with discharge decreasing is governing equation to this type weir.Study on the ...