In this study, the effect of variety of Nano- additives doping on the hydration resistance of the MgO-CaO system was investigated. Samples were prepared from calcined dolomite and magnesite. Nano-additives that contained cations with various valences (trivalent and tetravalent) used as  a dopant. The bulk density, apparent porosity and hydration resitance were studied and evaluated. Also, phase...

In this study the effect of nano meter size ZrO2 particles on the microstructure, densification and hydration resistance of magnesite –dolomite refractories was investigated. 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt. % ZrO2 particles that were added to magnesite –dolomite refractories containing 35 wt. % CaO. The Hydration resistance was measured by change in the weight of specimens after 72 h at 25℃ an...

In this paper we assess the accuracy of the B3LYP, X3LYP, and newly developed M06-L, M06-2X, and M06 functionals to predict the binding energies of neutral and charged water clusters including (H2O)n, n = 2-8, 20), H3O(+)(H2O)n, n = 1-6, and OH(-)(H2O)n, n = 1-6. We also compare the predicted energies of two ion hydration and neutralization reactions on the basis of the calculated binding energ...

Carbonation in cement binders has to be thoroughly understood because it affects phase assemblage, binder microstructure and durability performance of concretes. This is still not the case as reaction products can crystalline, nanocrystalline amorphous. The characterisation last two types components are quite challenging. Here, carbonation reactions have been studied alite-, belite- ye’elimite-...

Recent evidence has suggested that heterogeneous chemistry of oxygenated hydrocarbons, primarily carbonyls, plays a role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA); however, evidence is emerging that direct uptake of alkenes on acidic aerosols does occur and can contribute to SOA formation. In the present study, significant uptake of monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterp...

Dean JB. Hypercapnia causes cellular oxidation and nitrosation in addition to acidosis: implications for CO2 chemoreceptor function and dysfunction. J Appl Physiol 108: 1786– 1795, 2010. First published February 11, 2010; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01337.2009.— Cellular mechanisms of CO2 chemoreception are discussed and debated in terms of the stimuli produced during hypercapnic acidosis and thei...

Cellular mechanisms of CO2 chemoreception are discussed and debated in terms of the stimuli produced during hypercapnic acidosis and their molecular targets: protons generated by the hydration of CO2 and dissociation of carbonic acid, which target membrane-bound proteins and lipids in brain stem neurons. The CO2 hydration reaction, however, is not the only reaction that CO2 undergoes that gener...

Chromium is a heavy metal used for various applications such as in the manufacture of stainless steels, chemicals wood treatment, tanneries, and refractory industry. The main problem associated with use chromium these activities considerable volume contaminated effluent that requires mainly due to its high mobility toxicity hexavalent form. Immobilization methods arise an efficient solution tre...

Experimental studies have provided convincing evidence that aerosol-phase heterogeneous chemical reactions (possibly acid-catalyzed) are involved to some extent in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We present a stepwise procedure to determine physical properties such as heats of formation, standard entropies, Gibbs free energies of formation, and solvation energies from quantum ...

........................................................................................................................ 1 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Storage Stability Problem.......................................................................... 1 1.2 Combustion Problems Ca...