The initial capital outlay is one of the largest expenses of any HVAC system. Estimating these costs accurately is crucial to any HVAC economic analysis. In this article, initial cost models are investigated. A literature study reveals different methods for estimating initial costs. None of these are suitable for use during the conceptual design stage. They are either too simplified or require ...

The overall attainable reduction in energy consumption and enhancement of human comfort of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are dependant on thermodynamic behavior of buildings as well as performance of HVAC components and device control strategies. In this paper by refining the models of HVAC components, the influence of integrated control of shading blinds and natural...

Neural Network Based Optimal Control of HVAC&R Systems Min Ning, Ph.D Concordia University, 2008 Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems have wide applications in providing a desired indoor environment for different types of buildings. It is well acknowledged that 30% 40% of the total energy generated is consumed by buildings and HVAC&R systems alone account fo...

Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system design can be markedly improved through the application of numerical optimization procedures within the design process. This paper describes a procedure for the formulation and solution of HVAC system optimization problems that has been implemented in a library of computer programs. Consideration is given to the interaction between the si...

This paper discusses an HVAC system design optimization using a detailed simulation method as well as an evolutionary algorithm using three different permutation options. The detailed simulation method was used to evaluate the objective function, i.e. HVAC energy consumption, calculated using DOE-2 software. The variables for the optimization problem were: (i) grouping of the zones served by th...

More active participation of the demand side and efficient integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as electric vehicles (trVs), energy storage (ES), and renewable energy sources (RESs) into the existing power systems are important design objectives of the future smart grid. In general, effective demand side management (DSM) would benefit both system operators (e.g., peak demand ...

Alternating current (AC) has few drawbacks which have increased the demand of Direct current (DC) Transmission. The normal HVAC range is between 220-800 kV .This high voltage has to pass different types of terrains including settled area, mountains and water. It is quite clear that human beings and environment will be effected from this huge voltage. The common effects of these huge voltages ar...

This work presents a literature review of control methods, with an emphasis on the theory and applications of model predictive control (MPC) for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Several control methods used for HVAC control are identified from the literature review, and a brief survey of each method is presented. Next, the performance of MPC is compared with that of ot...

This paper investigates a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) framework for building control applications. The proposed framework is general in that it can be easily customized to solve the dynamic optimization problem for a broad class of multi-zone buildings with relatively complex HVAC systems. The Proximal Jacobian alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), a recent variant...

Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems are significant consumers of energy, however building management systems do not typically operate them in accordance with occupant movements. Due to the delayed response of HVAC systems, prediction of occupant locations is necessary to maximize energy efficiency. In this paper we present two approaches to occupant location prediction based o...