BACKGROUND: Over the past decade National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in Africa have invested considerable financial and human resources in research planning exercises. African NARS have implemented research planning by translating general national development objectives into concrete priorities and action plans for agricultural research. These formal research planning exercises have a...

CONTEXT During different planning periods, human resources factor has been considerably increased in the health-care sector. AIMS The main goal is to determine economic planning conditions and equilibrium growth for services level and specialized workforce resources in health-care sector and also to determine the gap between levels of health-care services and specialized workforce resources i...

The Fishery Research Program (FRP) of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission includes as a research theme area “The Human Dimensions of Great Lakes Fisheries Management.” The term human dimensions refers to how and why humans value natural resources, how humans want resources managed, and how humans affect or are affected by natural resources management decisions. Human dimensions inquiries strive ...

WE AGREE WITH M. I. HOFFERT ET AL. (“Advanced technology paths to global climate stability: energy for a greenhouse planet,” Review, 1 Nov., p. 981) that stabilizing atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 550 parts per million (ppm) or below will require investment in energy research and development well in excess of current levels. However, their conclusion—that known technological options are not ...

In order to achieve a mission, human planners create plans, which divide the mission into tasks. In order to fulfill their goals, tasks require critical resources including sensor assets. Precise determination and timely allocation of these resources may be crucial to achieve the overall mission. Unfortunately, determining the resources necessary to achieve a task during planning involves many ...