Building intell igent systems with human level of competence is the ultimate grand challenge for science and technology in general, and especially for the computational intelligence community. Recent theories in autonomous cognitive systems have focused on the close integration (grounding) of communication with perception , categorisation and action . Cognitive systems are essential for integra...

In this paper we present a framework to be used for evaluation of Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) projects. The framework is based on Sen ́s notion of development as freedom where human capabilities and functionings are seen as key aspects to development. Sen ́s capability approach presents an alternative way of seeing and evaluating development (alternative to mo...

this question has always been put forward in the mind of curious people why some countries have developed termed in spite of very few natural resources and facilities while other countries have not developed in spite of having more suitable resources and facilities. various factors such as economy, culture, geography, etc. are perhaps a background to answer this question, but there is a more im...

What economic mechanisms underlie the polarisation of the world economy into the ‘high wage’ industrialised countries, and the less developed ‘low wage’ countries? Should we expect the two groups to converge over time, or to diverge? What economic mechanisms come into play as LDCs attempt to ‘catch up’? How does the current liberalisation of world trade, or ‘globalisation’, impinge on these cou...

Cognitive Architectures (CAs) are the core of artificial cognitive systems. A CA is supposed to specify the human brain at a level of abstraction suitable for explaining how it achieves the functions of the mind. Over the years a number of distinct CAs have been proposed by different authors and their limitations and potentials were investigated. These CAs are usually classified as symbolic and...

introduction: to cope with novel changes, organizations must think beyond environmental compatibility and seek to take advantage of potential opportunities. a paradigm for this is the enhancement of organizational flexibility, speed, quality, and agility. human resources are the most important tool for enhancement of organizational agility and the most valuable asset of each organization and co...