Recently, two major epidemiological studies found that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women increased the risk of breast cancer. One of the studies also found that HRT increased the risk of cardiovascular disease and thrombosis. As a consequence, women were advised to cease this therapy. However, detailed analysis of these studies suggests that the conclusions may be errone...

OBJECTIVE Among postmenopausal women, those with diabetes experience more cardiovascular diseases than those without diabetes. We examine the relationship of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with indicators of lipid and glucose metabolism using a national sample of diabetic and nondiabetic postmenopausal women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the Third National Health and Nutri...

BACKGROUND Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and obesity both appear to increase the risk of asthma. A study was undertaken to investigate the association of HRT with asthma and hay fever in a population of perimenopausal women, focusing on a possible interaction with body mass index (BMI). METHODS A postal questionnaire was sent to population based samples in Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norwa...

BACKGROUND Retrospective postinfarction studies revealed that decreased heart rate turbulence (HRT) indicates increased risk for subsequent death. This is the first prospective study to validate HRT in a large cohort of the reperfusion era. METHODS AND RESULTS One thousand four hundred fifty-five survivors of an acute myocardial infarction (age <76 years) in sinus rhythm were enrolled. HRT on...

From 2002 to 2008, reports from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) claimed that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) significantly increased the risks of breast cancer development, cardiac events, Alzheimer disease, and stroke. These claims alarmed the public and health professionals alike, causing an almost immediate and sharp decline in the numbers of women receiving HRT. However, the actual da...

In the 1990s, two randomised clinical trials started in Scandinavia addressing whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is safe for women with previous breast cancer. We report the findings of the safety analysis in HABITS (hormonal replacement therapy after breast cancer--is it safe?), an open randomised clinical trial with allocation to either HRT or best treatment without hormones. The main...

The premature termination of one comparison in the Women's Health Initiative primary prevention trial due to stopping rules being reached necessitates a reconsideration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This part of the Women's Health Initiative trial, however, examined only one popular HRT regimen (conjugated equine estrogen [0.625 mg] and medroxyprogesterone acetate [2.5 mg] daily) in asy...

Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HRT) has been long used as traditional medicine in Asia. However, inhibitory role of HRT is unclear in early stage of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation related to signaling. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of HRT on upstream signaling of peroxisome proliferation-activity receptor- γ (PPAR- γ ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein- β (C/EBP- β ) ex...

This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship of physical fitness, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and hemostatic profiles at rest and after an acute bout of maximal exercise in 48 healthy postmenopausal women. Subjects were categorized by fitness and HRT user status into four groups: unfit nonusers, fit nonusers, unfit users, and fit users. Fibrinolytic variables tissue plasminogen ...

Increased proliferation and breast cancer risk has been observed in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen (E) + progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Progestin action is mediated through two progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms, PRA and PRB, with unique transcriptional activity and function. The current study examines hormonal regulation of PR isoforms in the normal postmenopausal human...