In this work the welfare effects and the distributive impact on Italian households of the Italian Carbon tax are calculated. The Carbon tax has been introduced in Italy at the beginning of 1999 asking for smooth increases, over a number of years, in the prices of most fossil fuels. Its welfare effects have been calculated using True Cost of Living index numbers and the Compensating Variation. T...

The fate of used electronic products (e-waste) is of increasing concern because of their toxicity and the growing volume of e-waste. Addressing these concerns requires developing the recycling infrastructure, but good estimates of the volume of e-waste stored by US households are still unavailable. In this context, we make two contributions based on a national random survey of 2136 US household...

BACKGROUND Population models of tuberculosis transmission have not accounted for social contact structure and the role of the environment in which tuberculosis is transmitted. METHODS We utilized extensions to the Wells-Riley model of tuberculosis transmission, using exhaled carbon dioxide as a tracer gas, to describe transmission patterns in an endemic community. Drawing upon social interact...

BACKGROUND Shifting demographic trends in the United States (US) have resulted in increasing numbers of three-generation family households, where a child lives with a parent(s) and grandparent(s). Although similar demographic trends have been occurring in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia, very little research has studied three-generation coresidence in these countries and no research has d...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Infants who live in households experiencing food insecurity are at risk for negative health and developmental outcomes. Despite large numbers of households within our population experiencing food insecurity, identification of household food insecurity during standard clinical care is rare. The objective of this study was to use quality-improvement methods to increase i...

Reasoning with domains containing continuous numeric change remains an open challenge in planning. In this paper, we discuss how an established temporal planner, CRIKEY3, can be adapted to plan in domains containing linear continuous numeric change. In particular, we discuss how an LP can be used to scheudule action choices, and how the LPRPG heuristic (hitherto for non-temporal planning) can b...

The Zarankiewicz number z(b; s) is the maximum size of a subgraph of Kb,b which does not contain Ks,s as a subgraph. The two-color bipartite Ramsey number b(s, t) is the smallest integer b such that any coloring of the edges of Kb,b with two colors contains a Ks,s in the rst color or a Kt,t in the second color.In this work, we design and exploit a computational method for bounding and computing...

in this paper, a novel method for ranking of fuzzy numbers are proposed. in this method, decision maker is defined based on the center of mass at some cuts of a pair of fuzzy numbers in discreet version and center of mass on all of cuts of a pair of fuzzy numbers in continuous version. our method can rank more than two fuzzy numbers simultaneously. also, some properties of methods are described...

this research was an attempt to study reasons for creation of some of the important and sacred numbers and their reflection in architectural and urban spaces. this subject matter is important because significant and sacred numbers were used in design and construction of a number of historical spaces. the research objective was to discover some of the reasons for formation of important and sacre...