background : connection between socioeconomic statuses and mental health has been reported already. accordingly, mental health asymmetrically is distributed in society; therefore, people with disadvantaged condition suffer from inconsistent burden of mental disorders. in this study, we aimed to understand the determinants of socioeconomic inequality of mental health in the female-headed househo...

BACKGROUND In the absence of functional social security mechanisms for elderly people in Nigeria, elderly households are solely responsible for geriatric healthcare costs, which can lead to catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) - particularly among the poor. This study investigates the key determinants of CHE among poorly insured elderly households in Nigeria. We also offer some policy options...

BACKGROUND Health inequality monitoring especially in Health care financing field is very important. Hence, this study tends to assess the inequality in household's capacity to pay and out-of-pocket health carepaymentsin Tehran metropolis. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in 2013.Thestudy population was selected by stratified cluster sampling, and they constitute the typical h...

The contribution of own food production to the nutrition of households in two neighbouring, rural, semi-arid settlements was investigated. A survey of a 10% probability sample (n=131) of households in Sekuruwe and Ga-Molekane in the Mokgalakwena Local Municipality, Waterberg District Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa, conducted in 2001, provided data on household composition, income ...

BACKGROUND Even though Africa has the highest disease burden compared with other regions, it has the lowest per capita spending on health. In 2007, 27 (51%) out the 53 countries spent less than US$50 per person on health. Almost 30% of the total health expenditure came from governments, 50% from private sources (of which 71% was from out-of-pocket payments by households) and 20% from donors. Th...

BACKGROUND Universal health coverage (UHC) is important in terms of improving access to quality health care while protecting households from the risk of catastrophic health spending and impoverishment. However, progress to UHC has been hampered by the measures to increase mandatory prepaid funds especially in low- and middle-income countries where there are large populations in the informal sec...

Objective To evaluate the impact of Performance-Based Financing (PBF) on effective coverage child curative health services in primary healthcare facilities Burkina Faso. Methods An evaluation a PBF pilot programme, using an experiment nested within quasi-experimental design, was carried out 12 intervention and comparison districts six regions Across 24 districts, (537 both at baseline endline) ...

In the 1980s, housing market analysts and policymakers were concerned that Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were not adequately facilitating the financing of affordable housing for lowand moderate-income families. To address these concerns, the Department of Housing and Urban Development established quantitative Affordable Housing Goals requiring the Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) to increas...

We propose a dynamic theory of financial intermediaries as collateralization specialists that are better able to collateralize claims than households. Intermediaries require capital as they can borrow against their loans only to the extent that households themselves can collateralize the assets backing the loans. The net worth of financial intermediaries and the corporate sector are both state ...