microfinance, banking to the poor, is a recent global phenomenon introduced as a way for combating the poverty in the 1970’s. before that the poor were not allowed access to credit and loans due to the widespread belief that the poor could not repay loans. but microfinance movement with financial innovations reduced the costs and risks of lending to poor households, and presented as tool for re...

OBJECTIVE Milk consumption has long been recognized for its important role in bone health, but its role in the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear. We examined the prospective association of milk consumption with radiographic progression of knee OA. METHODS In the Osteoarthritis Initiative, 2,148 participants (3,064 knees) with radiographic knee OA and dietary data at baseline ...

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1. There is inconsistent practice and some uncertainty on the terms “editing” and “imputation”. In this document we will refer to data editing as the procedure used to correct or reconcile contradictory information, whereas imputation is the procedure used to deal with missing data. The glossary of the United Nations Statistical and Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) states that data editin...

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Studies showed that Iranian pregnant women did not take enough calcium and dairy products such as milk (1). Adequate milk consumption is crucial during pregnancy to meet calcium needs (2). Various factors such as attitudes, beliefs, habit, sensory and expectations are dete...

There continues to be considerable public debate on the possible benefits regarding the growing popularity of the consumption of raw milk. However, there are significant concerns by regulatory, or public health, organizations like the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention because of risk of contracting milkborne illnesses if the raw milk is contaminated...

Introduction: Daily milk consumption can be introduced as a healthy dietary pattern associated with a range of health benefits. This study aimed to determine factors associated with milk consumption among students of Yazd university of medical sciences based on the theory of planned behavior. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 students in 2014, who were sele...

in recent years, the high level of consumption in iranian society has provoked wide social and political debates. nevertheless, there have been few systematic social studies to examine social and individual factors that influence consumption values and behaviors. this paper examines social determinants of consumption aspiration of married women. data for the study collected through a cross-sect...

Load curve data in power systems refers to users’ electrical energy consumption data periodically collected with meters. It has become one of the most important assets for modern power systems. Many operational decisions are made based on the information discovered in the data. Load curve data, however, usually suffers from corruptions caused by various factors, such as data transmission errors...