Homogeneous transition metal complex catalysts for organic industrial processes are converted to catalysts which are heterogeneous with respect to the reactants, and which have substantially equal catalytic activity to the homogeneous catalysts. This is done by reacting a normally homogeneous transition metal complex catalyst with a metal bridging ligand which substantially duplicates the ligan...

A simple method for the preparation of homogeneous molecular species of plasmenylcholine and plasmenylethanolamine was developed. The method utilized reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography to isolate homogeneous molecular species of plasmenylcholine prepared by acylation of lysoplasmenylcholine. Plasmenylcholine was directly converted to plasmenylethanolamine by transphosphatidyla...

Chondrocytes are the living cells in articular cartilage (AC). They synthesize and maintain the extracellular matrix. Their activity is regulated by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, such as soluble mediators, extracellular matrix composition, and mechanical factors. The mechanical environment of the chondrocytes has a significant influence on the health of the joint. In past ...

In the present paper, an asymptotic model is constructed for the short-time deformation of an articular cartilage layer modeled as transversely isotropic, transversely homogeneous (TITH) biphasic material. It is assumed that the layer thickness is relatively small compared with the characteristic size of the normal surface load applied to the upper surface of the cartilage layer, while the bott...