This paper presents a study on the application of virtual fixtures as a control aid for performing telemanipulation or in the training environment. The implementation features both manual and supervisory control modes. It also studies approaches for using virtual fixtures in generating visual and force clues and/or for restricting the motion of the slave using the definition of virtual fixtures...

A perturbation theory is developed that treats a localised mode embedded within a continuum of states. The method is applied to a model rectangular hollow-core photonic crystal fibre structure, where the basic modes are derived from an ideal, scalar model and the perturbation terms include vector effects and structural difference between the ideal and realistic structures. An expression for the...

In the last few years, terahertz (THz) technologies have been extensively explored for applications in chemical and biological sensing, spectroscopy, medicine, and imaging [1, 2]. Integrated THz platforms are highly desirable for chemical and biological detection because they can provide field confinement and enhancement to increase sensitivity [2]. Some such platforms, including one dimensiona...

The authors realize a 50% length reduction of short-slot couplers in a post-wall dielectric substrate by two techniques. One is to introduce hollow rectangular holes near the side walls of the coupled region. The difference of phase constant between the TE10 and TE20 propagating modes increases and the required length to realize a desired dividing ratio is reduced. Another is to remove two refl...

Abstract Recently, aluminium alloys are extensively used in the construction sector because of their small self-weight, good corrosion resistance, low maintenance, high recyclability, and aesthetic appearance. However, one main disadvantages these is Young’s modulus, which may cause a stability issue structural members. Moreover, currently available design standards for predicting buckling resi...

Abstract The strain rate-dependent material characteristic of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is widely known and has been investigated in detail at coupon level. In this study, for the first time rate dependent a three-dimensional CFRP structure was investigated. evolution determined dependency correlated with results For purpose two special 3-point-bending fixtures were developed to o...