The pooling of individual serum samples to determine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity was examined to assess whether testing pooled sera was technically feasible, cost-effective, and accurate for estimating seroprevalence in large population surveys. The sensitivities and specificities of three commercially available HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were teste...

Background and Objectives: HIV infected patients are at risk for vaccine-preventable infections such as tetanus and diphtheria (Td). In these patients, these antibodies tend to decline faster. Due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of tetanus and diphtheria antibodies in HIV infected patients in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried o...

Because certain groups at high risk for HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) come together in correctional facilities, seroprevalence was high early in the epidemic. The share of the HIV/AIDS epidemic borne by inmates of and persons released from jails and prisons in the United States (US) in 1997 was estimated in a previous paper. While the number of inmat...

The dissemination of the dengue virus (DENV) in endemic regions with HIV is a public health concern greater importance when there evidence vertical transmission DENV during pregnancy. Herein, we investigated among HIV-infected pregnant women Luanda, capital city Angola. This was part cross-sectional study carried out on 42 newly diagnosed HIV. A total 36 plasma samples from HIV-positive were sc...

Background and Objectives: Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) type 1 and 2 are retroviruses that share the same routes of transmission as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a consequence of epidemiologic similarities, HIV and HTLV-1/2 co-infection is frequent. Due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infections in HIV infected patients in Tehran, Ira...

Human endogenous retrovirus K10 (HERV-K10) env and gag expression has been detected in placenta, embryonic tissue, and cell lines. By transfection, these sequences have been expressed in insect cells and developed into serological assays, revealing HERV-K10 antibodies in patients with testicular cancer. Patients with AIDS are at an increased risk for testicular cancer and frequently reactivate ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the seroprevalence of varicella zoster in paediatric patients at a high risk of developing complications. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Paediatric general wards at Kenyatta National Hospital. SUBJECTS Children with malignancies, severe malnutrition and were HIV positive. INTERVENTIONS The sample size was calculated at 147 subjects. Venous samples were te...

OBJECTIVE To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A antibodies in homosexual and heterosexual males attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic. DESIGN Prospective study of male patients recruited from a GUM clinic during a 10 week period in 1993. SETTING Central London outpatient GUM department at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. SUBJECTS 255 patients were recruited, comprising...

This paper examines the complex relationship between male circumcision and HIV prevalence and incidence in sub-Saharan African countries that have generalised epidemics. In South Africa, the mean yearly HIV incidence and an estimate of the net reproduction rate of the epidemic (R 0) (in this case, the ratio of the number of HIV-infected persons between 1994 and 2004 to the number of persons inf...

OBJECTIVE To determine the seroprevalence rates of IgG to common TORCH agents in pregnant Saudi women using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 926 samples of sera were tested for antibodies to TORCH agents known to cause serious congenital infections: Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella...