The hegemonic-type empires of ancient Mesoamerica are difficult to study archaeologically because they left fewer material traces than more territorially organized empires such as the Inka or Roman cases. We present a material culture model for the identification of such empires using archaeological data. The model, based upon Michael Doyle’s analytical approach to imperialism, is developed fro...

With the new interest in historical documents insight grew that electronic access to these texts causes many specific problems. In the first part of the paper we survey the present role of digital historical documents. After collecting central facts and observations on historical language change we comment on the difficulties that result for retrieval and data mining on historical texts. In the...

In this paper we discuss the degree of readability of historical texts for a broad public. We argue that text simplification methods can improve significantly this aspect and bring an added value to historical texts. We present a specific example, a genuine multilingual historical texts, which should be available at least to researchers from different fields and propose a mechanism for simplify...

the paper is concerning preliminary survey of qaradaq region of eastern azerbaijan in view of ecological, archaeological and ethnographic perspectives. the region under study is poor in fertile soil, underpopulated settlements and nomadic ubas being its dominant landscape. indeed, archaeological investigations show the lack of considerable archaeological records up to the iron age. the main sub...

Over the years, the Egyptian temples at Luxor city have been intensely investigated, but 18 most of these studies just focused on the classical sides of the archaeological and historical 19 descriptions. Many of the environmental problems are inevitable results of the unplanned urban 20 crawling around the monuments temples. This paper aims at assessing the environmental changes 21 around some ...