The gradual development of SYSTEMS of typed symbols for describing chemical structures and substrunures (radicals) is traced from its beginning in 1787. Such symbols are emphasized because *computers are symbol processors par excellence." Computers are the central tools of the Information Age, but future trends in the management of chemical structure information are likely to reflect deeply roo...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States and in most industrialized nations. Major breakthroughs to modern day cardiovascular/lipid research have been attributed to the findings of the Framingham Heart Study and Gofman and colleagues who made associations between lipoprotein levels (LDL, VLDL and HDL) and CVD. Unfortunately, half of all CVD ...

Catalysis as a scientific discipline originated in the early part of the last century. Earlier, the unique feature of a catalytic substance, namely that when added in small quantities to a reaction it affects its rate and selectivity but is not consumed, had become widely recognized, and many applications had been developed. Only after chemical thermodynamics had been defined did a rational app...

This paper addresses—to our knowledge, for the first time—the problem of querying a geosensor network—a sensor network of mobile, locationaware nodes—for historical data. It compares different network architectures and querying strategies with respect to their performance in reconstructing events or processes that happened in the past, trying to support the hypothesis that reconstruction is pos...

The extent to which different manufacturing sources and long-range transport pathways contribute to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in the world's oceans, particularly in remote locations, is widely debated. Here, the relative contribution of historic (i.e., electrochemically fluorinated) and contemporary (i.e., telomer) manufacturing sources was assessed for PFOA in various seawater samples by an es...

today, we see that despite the plans and decisions made about the historical fabric, the people are very faintly seen and conservation the historic fabric of urban is one of the main concerns management urban in the absence of efficient management and lack of attention to the needs of local people, the historical fabric urban is destroyed. in this article are examined ways other than physical m...