protected areas are major tourism assets for a nation, particularly for developing countries providing sustainable benefit to the local community while funding for the maintenance and rehabilitation of the protected areas themselves. valley of flowers national park is naturally meant for the conservation and study of western himalayan flora. it became national park in 1982 and after that livest...

Water resource has become a key constraint for implementing the “Belt and Road” initiative which was raised by Chinese government. Besides study of spatial temporal variability precipitation, this created water hazard risk map along zone through combined flood drought data from 1985. Our results showed that South-Eastern Asia, southern China eastern Southern Asia are areas with most abundant pr...

The Himalayan mountain forest ecosystem has been degrading since the British ruled the area in the 1850s. Local understanding of the patterns and processes of degradation is desperately required to devise management strategies to halt this degradation and provide long-term sustainability. This work comprises a satellite image based study in combination with national expert validation to generat...

The cause of mad honey poisoning is the toxin grayanotoxin, found in honey obtained from the nectar of Rhododendron species on the higher altitudes. This case report is about seven cases of grayanotoxin poisoning that occurred after consumption of wild honey that was brought from the Himalayan belt of Nepal. Most of them presented with symptoms of blurring of vision, diplopia, nasea and vomitin...

High-elevation sites in the tropics may be particularly sensitive to rapid climate change. By sampling treeline populations, I have developed the first extensive (> 300 years) tree-ring chronology in tropical North America. The site is Nevado de Colima, at the western end of the Mexican Neovolcanic Belt, and the species studied is Mexican mountain pine (Pinus hartwegii). Despite past logging in...

Glaciers are directly affected by the recent trends of global warming. Himalayan glaciers are located near Tropic of Cancer this belt receives more heat thus Himalayan glaciers are more sensitive to climate change. Major rivers of Asia originates from these glaciers and they are only source of fresh water for millions of people living in Indian sub-continent. Due to highly rugged terrain and in...

Collisional mountain belts grow as a consequence of continental plate convergence and eventually disappear under the combined effects of gravitational collapse and erosion. Using a decade of GPS data, we show that the western Alps are currently characterized by zero horizontal velocity boundary conditions, offering the opportunity to investigate orogen evolution at the time of cessation of plat...

The main tectonic features in our study region are indicated in Fig. S1. We use 190 earthquakes for the iterative structure inversion (Fig. S2a). Most of the earthquakes are shallow (< 30 km), occurred from 1996 to 2011 (Fig. S3), and are evenly distributed along the North Atlantic Ridge and the Mediterranean-Himalayan belt. Initial source parameters (e.g., centroid time, location, etc.) are co...

the rijab area with189 square kilometers is located in northwest of zagros and north of sarpol zahab city. its main skeleton is made of hard and resistive layers of shahbazan dolomite and asmari lime, that its eastern part is pressed as an anticlinorium form but its western part as a syncline form. as a result of kerend fault practice most of the tectonically activities are seen in middle parts...