Oasis self-supporting mechanisms due to oasis breeze circulation (OBC) are proposed and simulated numerically in this study using a coupled mesoscale and land-surface model. Excessive evaporation from the oasis makes the oasis surface colder than the surrounding desert surface. The sensible heat-flux gradient from oasis to surrounding desert drives the OBC with downdraft over the oasis and updr...

The liquid wastes produced during the processing of radioactive materials at the Savannah River Site were initially stored in large underground tanks constructed of carbon steel. These liquid wastes were generated from the Purex process (for producing plutonium) and the HM process (for producing tritium). The liquid wastes were designated as high-level wastes and lowlevel wastes. As the product...

The ‘‘Panama Hypothesis’’ states that the gradual closure of the Panama Seaway, between 13 million years ago (13 Ma) and 2.6 Ma, led to decreased mixing of Atlantic and Pacific water Masses, the formation of North Atlantic Deep water and strengthening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation, increased temperatures and evaporation in the North Atlantic, increased precipitation in Northern Hemis...

A high-resolution simulation of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma tornadic supercell is analyzed to determine the origin of internal outflow surges within the low-level cold pool. The analyzed simulation has 50-m horizontal grid spacing and is quadruply nested within larger, lower-resolution domains that were initialized via threedimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) of radar and other observ...

During late boreal summer (July–October), the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) exhibits maximum variability over the western North Pacific (WNP) centered in the South China Sea and Philippine Sea, but many numerical models have difficulty in simulating this essential feature of the ISO. To understand why this maximum variability center exists, the authors advance a simple box model to elaborate ...

During the early and mid-Pliocene, the period from 5 to 3 million years ago, approximately, the Earth is believed to have been significantly warmer than it is today, but the reasons for the higher temperatures are unclear. This paper explores the impact of recent findings that suggest that, at that time, cold surface waters were absent from the tropical and subtropical oceanic upwelling zones. ...

We have explored various gas phase processes for the fabrication of nanometersized Si and SiOx particles and measured their structural properties (agglomeration, size, shape, crystallinity, surface roughness and internal structure) by conventional and high resolution electron microscopy. Agglomerated amorphous Si particles, 10±30 nm in size, were prepared by gas phase reactions including cluste...

The title ester (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl 4-aminobutyrate hydrochloride was obtained in 96% yield via Steglich esterification. The structure of the target compound was established by FTIR, HR-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectral analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Single crystals of the title ester suitable for X-ray investigation were obtained by slow evaporation of t...

Magnesium diboride (MgB 2 ) has a transition temperature (Tc) of 40 K, i.e., about 4 times as high as that of niobium (Nb). We have been evaluating MgB 2 as a candidate material for radio-frequency (RF) cavities for future particle accelerators. Studies in the last 3 years have shown that it could have about one order of magnitude less RF surface resistance (Rs) than Nb at 4 K. A power dependen...

To prepare lomustine-iohexol compound liposomes, and evaluate the properties, determine the entrapment efficiency. Liposomes were prepared by reverse evaporation method; orthogonal design was used to optimize the formulation. Free drugs and liposomes were separated using protamine aggregation method and entrapment efficiency was determined by HPLC. The optimal formula was as follows: soybean ph...