Recently, there has been great interest in the synthesis and application of various kinds of nanostructured noble metals such as platinum, gold and silver. Nanostructured silvers have been widely investigated as antimicrobial materials, bio-sensors, catalysts, and advanced materials exhibiting surface plasmon resonance and surface enhanced Raman scattering. All this research is mainly based on ...

Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of the columnaris disease, which is recognized as one of the main pathogens of fresh water fishes. Early studies [1] indicated that F. columnare presents a broad genetic heterogeneity within the species, and isolates can be classified into three different genomovars based on the 16S rDNA gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms (16S rDNA-RFL...

This paper reports on double-stranded (ds) DNA separation by silicon micro-pillar array chips. Micro-pillars with a high aspect ratio were fabricated, allowing a large sample loading using only a small chip footprint. Our work demonstrated that a 2cm array is sufficient to separate dsDNA fragments, ranging in length from 10 base pairs (bp) to 400bp using ion-pair reversed-phase (IP-RP) chromato...

The use of chemically amplified photoresists for the fabrication of sub-100 nm features will require spatial control with nanometer level resolution. To reach this goal, a detailed understanding of the complex reaction-diffusion mechanisms at these length scales is needed and will require high spatial resolution measurements. In particular, few experimental methods can directly measure the spat...

Fertilization of the sea urchin egg triggers a sequence of events that are necessary for metabolic derepression and stimulation of proliferation. Changes in intracellular Ca 2+ and H ÷ activities regulate the sequence of events. Intracellular sodium activity is important in the regulation of the intracellular activities of these ions and may directly regulate metabolic events. Using Na+-sensiti...

A series of new and known bis(imidazolium) chloride and bromide salts bridged by either a methylene group (1−8, 10a,b) or an ethylene group (9a,b) and bearing different N substituents (Me, Et, Bn, tBu, Mes) have been reacted with [Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2]2 to yield the four-coordinate iron(II) complexes [LFeX2] (11−20; X = Cl, Br; L = chelating bis(imidazolylidene) ligand). Molecular structures of six o...