The total infected population in the pandemic is found to be related number of risky contacts a person may have per day. COVID-19 will infect entire if average has one encounter virus unlikely spread further lower than 0.23 times In this study, herd immunity for simulated with scratch. vaccine was added later as factor study.

COVID-19 has greatly impacted the society and economy of Ethiopia, with a total 499,493 cases confirmed death toll 7572 as February 2023. The country began vaccination in March 2021 delivered about 52 million doses July 2022. government liaised COVAX (COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access) facility, African Vaccine Acquisition Trust, other donors to acquire vaccine doses. However, 2022, Ethiopia achi...

In 1990 the Institute for Medical Research carried out a serosurvey in the state of Kelantan to study the age stratified immune prevalence rates for measles and poliomyelitis. Our findings indicate that 981 out of 1,097 (89%) of the population screened had measles antibodies and more than 90% (366 out of 400) had antibodies to all three serotypes of poliovirus. The susceptible group for measles...

The Republic of Korea declared measles elimination in 2006. However, a measles outbreak occurred in 2013. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics of the sources of infection and the pattern of measles transmission in 2013 in South Korea. We utilized surveillance data, epidemiological data, immunization registry data, and genetic information. We describe the epidemiologi...

Abstract. The Simple Epidemic Model uses three states to describe the spread of an infection: the susceptible (S), the infected (I), and the recovered (R). This model follows the trend of an infection over time and can predict whether an infection will spread. Using this model, epidemiologists may calculate the percentage of the population that needs to be vaccinated in order to provide a popul...

Recent Phase 2b dengue vaccine trials have demonstrated the safety of the vaccine and estimated the vaccine efficacy with further trials underway. In anticipation of vaccine roll-out, cost-effectiveness analysis of potential vaccination policies that quantify the dynamics of disease transmission are fundamental to the optimal allocation of available doses. We developed a dengue transmission and...

Introduction In the United States, surveillance of vaccine uptake for childhood infections is limited in scope and spatial resolution. The National Immunization Survey (NIS) the gold standard tool for monitoring vaccine uptake among children aged 19-35 months is typically constrained to producing coarse state-level estimates.1 In recent years, vaccine hesitancy (i.e., a desire to delay or refus...

Immunisation is one of the most effective health interventions in existence yet outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases continue to occur in developed countries. High rates of cover are needed to provide adequate herd immunity and there is evidence that a significant proportion of paediatric inpatients are not up to date even in areas with high levels of community cover. A proportion of these...

BACKGROUND The increasing use of varicella vaccine in children attending day care has rapidly decreased the incidence of wild-type varicella disease. The herd immunity noted is significant and will have an effect on the epidemiology of natural varicella. OBJECTIVE To monitor the change in varicella incidence in day-care attendees after the licensure of varicella vaccine. DESIGN A prospectiv...