color is one of important elements in area of feelings that plays an important role in our life and is a symbol for expression of feeling as sadness and happiness. therefore, color is an additional aspect that provides many meaning for a literary man so that he can picture beauties of creation by means of it. it is decodification of secret meanings of the colors by which litreary man's tho...

The significance of herbals and herbal products is gaining worldwide recognition. The concept of complementary or alternative medicine is becoming much more widely accepted, and there is an increasing belief in the efficacy of herbal remedies. Recently, the role of herbal drugs, herbal products and certain phytochemicals in the control of ageing has been documented using modern scientific appro...

BACKGROUND There is a growing public interest in complementary and alternative treatments. The attitudes and perceptions regarding herbal therapies have not been evaluated amongst physicians-in-training. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aimed to assess the self-perceived competence and attitudes of physicians-in-training in dealing with herbal medicines in clinical practice. METHODS A survey was ...

The prevalence of herbal medicine use during pregnancy is between 7% and 55%, depending upon the geographic area surveyed and the surveyed group's socio-cultural aspects and ethnicity. Why are women taking natural health products (NHPs) in pregnancy? Women who learn they are pregnant are concerned about the safety of their fetus and may turn to NHPs rather than prescription medication. Use of N...

Owing to the increase in price of cigarettes in Korea, herbal cigarettes have received increasing attention as a non-smoking aid; however, its safety has hardly been studied. We analyzed some of the toxic components in the mainstream smoke of herbal cigarettes, performed a mutagenicity test on smoke condensates for safety assessment, and compared the results with the corresponding values of a g...

       Inabilities to attain adequate aqueous solubility and stability have made the preparation of a clinically suitable formulation of taxol difficult. Addition of nicotinamide (ND), 2-hydroxypropyl- b-cyclodextrin (HPßCD), polyethylene glycol, (PEG), bile salts (BS, 50:50 sodium cholate: deoxycholate...

In this paper we introduce a new approach in the decoding of variable length codes. Based on the tree structure of these codes a trellis representation is derived which allows the application of the BCJR algorithm. This algorithm provides us with the a posteriori probabilities of the transmitted source symbols. Therefore we do not only use soft information from an outer decoding stage but also ...

A decoding rule is presented which minimizes the probability of symbol error over a time-discrete memoryless channel for any linear error-correcting code when the code words are equiprobable. The complexity of this rule varies inversely with code rate, making the technique particularly attractive for high rate codes. Examples are given for both block and convolutional codes.