Increasing reproductive performance of post-partum lactating dairy cows is a multi-factorial challenge involving disciplines of production medicine, nutrition, physiology and herd management. Systems of programmed timed insemination have been fine-tuned to achieve pregnancy per artificial inseminations (AI) approximating 45%. Systems have optimized follicle development, integrated follicle deve...

Ovarian Cyst (OC) is an important ovarian dysfunction and a major cause of reproductive failure in dairy cattle. Previously defined as enlarged anovulatory follicle like structures (<2.5 cm) and persisting for 10 or more days OC in dairy cows are currently defined as cystic ovarian follicular structures of at least 17 mm that persist for more than 6 days in the absence of corpus luteum. However...

INTRODUCTION I t is economical ly important to Thoroughbred breeders that barren and maiden mares exhibit normal, ovulatory oestrous cycles and also conceive as early as possible during the breeding season. In winter, most but not all non-pregnant mares pass through a period of anoestrus, or sexual and ovarian inactivity (anovulatory period), when neither developing follicles nor corpora lutea ...

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a medical condition that affects women&#039;s menstrual cycles, fertility, hormone levels, and physical appearance. PCOS is thought to be one of the leading causes of female infertility, and is the reason of more than 75% of cases of anovulatory infertility. Materials and Methods: In this article, we review the different aspects of PCOS includin...

A unique feature of the reproductive physiology of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) is the occurrence of two LH surges before ovulation, instead of one. An anovulatory LH (anLH) surge, the function of which is unknown, occurs consistently 3 weeks before the ovulatory LH (ovLH) surge that induces ovulation. Thus, the ability to induce an ovLH surge would be useful for scheduling natural mating ...

To evaluate the decrease in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels following gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist administration in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, data were retrospectively collected from 305 consecutive IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles of patients who underwent ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins and were treated with GnRH antagonist for the p...

bnormal uterine bleeding occurs in 9 to 14 percent of women between menarche and menopause, significantly impacting quality of life and imposing financial burden. The etiologies and treatments for abnormal uterine bleeding over the reproductive years are best understood in the context of normal menstrual physiology. A normal cycle starts when pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone induces ovari...

Targeted disruption of the mouse estrogen receptor-alpha gene (estrogen receptor-alpha knockout; ERKO) results in a highly novel ovarian phenotype in the adult. The ERKO mouse model was used to characterize ER alpha-dependent processes in the ovary. Visualization of the ovaries of 10-, 20-, and 50-day-old wild-type (WT) and ERKO mice showed that the ERKO phenotype developed between 20 and 50 da...