A survey of 27 herbaceous and woody plant taxa was conducted to identify possible alternative hosts of the xylem-limited bacterium, Xylellafastidiosa. Samples were collected from wild and cultivated plants inhabiting and surrounding the National Park Service Daingerfield Island Nursery in Alexandria, Virginia, and from national parks in Washington, D.C. These samples were analyzed using up to 3...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is common and endemic in many areas of Iran, caused by species of a protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania. There is not any effective vaccine against leishmaniasis; so, therapy is important for prevention and separation of disease. Herbal extract for treatment of CL is cost-effective, applicable topically to lesions, and can avoid the devel...

Preparations from ivy leaves (Hederae helicis folium, Hedera helix) dry extracts are well established in the treatment of different respiratory diseases. Until today, the efficacy and safety of ivy leaf preparations has been demonstrated in a variety of controlled clinical studies and non-interventional studies. These results were nearly exclusively obtained using the commercial ivy leaves dry ...

This study was executed to determine the plant species of herbaceous cover in a skid road subjected to soil compaction due to timber skidding in a beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) stand. Our previous studies have shown that ground based timber skidding destroys the soils extremely, and degradations on ecosystem because of the timber skidding limit recovery and growth of plant cover on skid road...

tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in Martin County, Indiana. American Midland Naturalist 89:281–286. Sperry, J. S., N. M. Holbrook, M. H. Zimmerman, and M. T. Tyree. 1987. Spring filling of xylem vessels in wild grapevine. Plant Physiology 83:414–417. Stiles, E. W. 1982. Fruit flags: two hypotheses. American Naturalist 120:500–509. Walters, M. B., and P. B. Reich. 2000. Seed size, nitrogen s...