the environmental scanning electron microscopy (esem) is a new development in the field of electron microscopy. in this study esem has been used to study the structure of veal semimembranosus muscle. four treatments, raw (control), conventional heating, domestic and industrial microwave heating, were observed using esem. the temperature used in conventional heating was 163 0c. frequency app...

A roadblock to the development of stand-alone microscale biomedical and chemical analysis systems is the relatively high heating power requirement of the microscale reactors, which typically exceeds the capability of low cost batteries. In this study, a microchannel thermal cycling reactor design using in-channel heating and passive cooling is proposed and a numerical model has been developed. ...

The high-power heating of magnetic reconnection has been applied to the ultra-high-beta ST formation in the TS-3, TS-4 and UTST merging experiments. Two low-beta ST plasmas were formed inductively by two or four PF coils without using any central solenoid (CS) and were merged for high power MW-GW reconnection heating. Cause and mechanism for the reconnection heating were directly measured for t...

Numerical investigation of the effects of magnetic field strength, thermal radiation, Joule heating, and viscous heating on a forced convective flow of a non-Newtonian, incompressible power law fluid in an axisymmetric stretching sheet with variable temperature wall is accomplished. The power law shear thinning viscosity-shear rate model for the anisotropic solutions and the Rosseland approxima...

Abstract For conservation and environmental purposes, three electricity consumption models, power grid, grid + PV battery, are proposed in this paper, the optimization of electric heating energy model is carried out with objective highest annual net return system. The results showed that for single-layer residence a housing area 100m2, use photovoltaic system has income, as well good economic b...

We have previously reported species differences in the rate of skin heating in response to millimeter wavelength microwave exposure. We hypothesized that these differences were predominantly a function of species differences in the ability to increase skin blood flow during local heating. Mathematical modeling also suggested that, in humans, the rate of skin heating during prolonged millimeter ...

This paper proposes a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) self-heating method, in which EVs can be operated independently of external power source at low temperature, with a lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack discharging electricity to provide PTC material with power. Three comparative heating experiments have been carried out respectively. With charge/discharge tests implemented, results demons...

the continuous spread of distributed energy resources (ders) such as combined heating and power (chp), diesel generators, boilers and renewable energy sources provide an effective solution to energy related problems to serve the power and heat demands with minimum cost. moreover, the ders may play a significant role for supplying power and heat in rural areas, where grid electricity is not avai...

Induction heating is a widespread industrial technique and a subject of scientific research. The application fields of induction heating increase due to development of modern industrial technologies and advantages of the induction heating process. The development of traditional induction heating system applications for melting or through heating is mainly to increase power or production rates o...

Radio-frequency (RF) power in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) has been chosen as the primary auxiliary heating technique for BPX. This decision is based on the wide success of ICRF heating in existing large-scale experiments (JET, TFTR, JT-60), the capability of ion cyclotron waves to penetrate the high-density plasmas of BPX, the ability to concentrate ICRF power deposition near ...