OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to study the benefits and risks of beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-blockers) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). BACKGROUND There is an excess burden of cardiovascular disease and death in people with CKD. Despite their potential benefits, the effects of beta-blockers in this population are uncertain. METHODS CENTRAL (Cochrane Ce...

Heart failure is a common endpoint for many forms of cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Chronic neurohumoral excitation (i.e., sympathetic hyperactivity) has been considered to be a hallmark of heart failure and is associated with a poor prognosis, cardiac dysfunction and remodeling, and skeletal myopathy. Aerobic exercise training is efficient in counter...

Cardiovascular diseases claim more lives worldwide than any other. Etiologically, the dominant trajectory involves atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory process of lipid-rich lesion growth in the vascular wall that can cause life-threatening myocardial infarction (MI). Those who survive MI can develop congestive heart failure, a chronic condition of inadequate pump activity that is frequently...

the world hypertension day celebrates 17 th of may of every year by concentrating on an important global health subject. for world hypertension day (whd) 2014, they have chosen “know your blood pressure “as the theme. chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health puzzle and hypertension is one the most important cause of damage to the kidneys. in fact by improved screening, diagnostic eff...

objective(s): previous studies showed that skeletal muscle microcirculation was reduced in chronic heart failure. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training on capillary and arteriolar density of fast and slow twitch muscles in rats with chronic heart failure. materials and methods: four weeks after surgeries (left anterior descending (lad) artery occlusion), chr...

Chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (CHFpEF) is a complex and common disease, with a high and constantly increasing prevalence. The aim of this study was review of modern guidelines for management of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. No treatment has yet been shown, convincingly, to reduce morbidity or mortality in patients with CHFpEF. However, since th...