The study sets out to assess the link between land leasing behavior and productivity differentials between male and female headed households. A non-cooperative game model with double-moral hazard allowed us to show that landlord’s tenure insecurity leads to sub-optimal level of effort on tenant’s part. The landlord’s enforcement ability is also shown to increase the optimal level of effort. The...

The phenomenon of youth-headed households in the region is a relatively recent development, precipitated by the effects of the AIDS pandemic at the household and community levels, as well as broader shifts in cultural values, family structures, and the global socioeconomic environment (Preble 1990; Hunter 2000). Despite the long history of fostering in sub-Saharan Africa, family and community s...

The study examined the water sanitation facilities utilization among rural households of south west Nigeria. specifically described socio-economic characteristics household heads; identified various sources supply and their providers; heads’ knowledge source contamination; respondents’ awareness adequate treatment methods waterborne disease. population comprised all in Ondo Oyo States Southwest...

Introduction Household-level food storage can make available to consumers, and promotes security. Nevertheless, attention is mostly devoted enhancing at the farmer national levels, neglecting household level. It therefore critical assess practices of households. This study examined households, evaluated expert opinions on household-level storage, assessed effect characteristics has Methods Dzor...

OBJECTIVE To follow the trends in all-cause mortality in Lusaka, Zambia, during the scale-up of a national programme of antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Between November 2004 and September 2011, we conducted 12 survey rounds as part of a cross-sectional study in Lusaka, with independent sampling in each round. In each survey, we asked the heads of 3600 households to state the number of d...

Promotion of low-skilled off-farm rural labor market participation can be an important strategy to improve livelihoods and food security of the poor in developing countries. This paper investigates rural farm households' participation in low-skilled off-farm labor markets with disaggregate data from a survey of 400 households in Tigray, the northern highlands of Ethiopia. Adopting Heckman's two...

In areas where malaria is endemic, pesticides are widely deployed for vector control, which has contributed to reductions in malaria deaths. Pesticide use for agrarian purposes reduces pest populations, thus improving crop production and post-harvest losses. However, adverse health effects have been associated with pesticide exposure, ranging from skin irritation to neurotoxicity and carcinogen...

In assessing the financial situation of households, opinions provided by household heads were used. Questions about are treated as variables a subjective nature - which is more and often used in research on degree satisfaction needs situation.