Abū ‘Alī ibn Sīnā (d. 428/1027) is regarded as the most influential philosopher in Islamic intellectual history. Of his numerous contributions, none has garnered more attention than ontological proof for existence of God, known ‘the Demonstration Truthful’ (Burhān al-ṣiddiqīn). In this proof, Ibn argues that only one being can be ‘necessarily existent’ (wājib al-wujūd). He goes on to say all at...

Colin Machines, whose zesty novel about London's teenage subgroups , The Absolute Beginners, was hailed by one reviewer as 'worth five hundred pamphlets, reports or summer school proceedings on the subject of British youth', believes there are positive as well as negative aspects to drug taking. In this article he outlines his views. Besides alcoholics, I have known intimately those who take pi...

the pure imagination draws a new and different world in front of the eyes of the rhetorician, who has to avoid the ordinary norms of language and create new words to name the world. he does not always have the capability to create new words; so he uses the simple ordinary words to deliver his newly found concepts. he also makes imaginary and word structures to expand his lingual treasury. one o...