We propose the design of an original scalable image coder/decoder that is inspired from the mammalians retina. Our coder accounts for the time-dependent and also nondeterministic behavior of the actual retina. The present work brings two main contributions: As a first step, (i) we design a deterministic image coder mimicking most of the retinal processing stages and then (ii) we introduce a ret...

This paper presents an efficient low-delay CELP speech coder based on a structure given by Chen et el. [1]. The proposed coder can operate at a rate of 8 Kb/s and has an arithmetic complexity that is 20% lower than that of the CELP of [1] with an acceptable increase in the delay. The proposed coder has been tested to provide a good-quality speech.

We introduce a new wavelet image coder which is the forward-adaptive counterpart of the state-of-the-art backward-adaptive Estimation-Quantization coder. The variance field associated with the wavelet coefficients is estimated, lossily compressed, and transmitted as side information. Next, the wavelet coefficients are compressed using that side information. We optimize the resulting two-part co...

Entropy coding is one of the most important techniques in video codec. Two main criteria to assess an entropy coder are coding efficiency and friendly realization characteristic. In the recent development of the H.264/AVC standard, a sophisticated entropy coder, named Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC), has been invented, which supplies higher coding efficiency than other VLC...

We propose a fast and simple binary arithmetic coder, STT-coder, in which arithmetic operation of dividing the probability interval can be done using a state transition table. In order to simplify the state transition table by omitting to retain the both of the bottom address of the valid interval and renormalized interval, renormalization is mostly executed together with the flush operation of...

Much research in political science relies on datasets produced by human coders. Many variables included these are not based observable facts but rather require a considerable level of judgment. This project studies the extent to which this judgment is affected availability bias and how it influences retrospective coding historic cases. The analysis uses coder-level data from V-Dem project, one ...