Ultimately, hundreds of billions of dollars of public and private funds will be spent in the US in hazardous chemical site (Superfund and closed RCRA facilities) investigation and remediation. A critical review of the adequacy of remediation of many of these sites that are “closed” in accord with RCRA and/or CERCLA requirements as being interpreted by regulatory agency staff/boards and principl...

Since the late 1990s the debate in The Netherlands on the transport of hazardous materials by rail has intensified. The reason for this debate is the fact that most of the Dutch railway nodes are located in city centres. Risk is described by a formula in which the probability of an accident is multiplied by its effect. Although the probability might not be large, the effects of an accident can ...

The aim of this paper is to show possibilities for effective processing of hazardous waste using the vitrification method, which is recommended for disposing of ash from the combustion of sewage sludge and developing a process for the conversion of waste to a sustainable and environmentally safe product. The use of vitrification solves the problem of utilizing some hazardous waste by simultaneo...

This paper presents a model standardized risk assessment protocol (SRAP) for use with hazardous waste sites. The proposed SRAP focuses on the degree and patterns of evidence that exist for a significant risk to human populations from exposure to a hazardous waste site. The SRAP was designed with at least four specific goals in mind: to organize the available scientific data on a specific site a...

Surface coal mining creates more air pollution problems with respect to dust than underground mining . An investigation was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the airborne dust created by surface coal mining in the Jharia Coalfield. Work zone air quality monitoring was conducted at six locations, and ambient air quality monitoring was conducted at five locations, for a period of 1 yea...

The authors consider the problem of navigating an agent to safely and swiftly traverse a two dimensional terrain populated with possible hazards. Each potential hazard is marked with a probabilistic estimate of whether it is indeed true. In proximity to any of these potential hazards, the agent is able to disambiguate, at a cost, its true-false status. The method presented in this paper is to d...

Hazardous waste location-routing problems are of importance due to the potential risk for nearby residents and the environment. In this paper, an improved mathematical formulation is developed based upon a multi-objective mixed integer programming approach. The model aims at assisting decision makers in selecting locations for different facilities including treatment plants, recycling plants an...

With the Basel ban, imposing restrictions on Trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes, coming into force with effect from 1.1.1998, the concept of treatment and safe disposal of hazardous wastes (HWs) assumes paramount significance. The annual HW generation in India is estimated at 0.3-0.5 million tonnes. As per the ideal industrial siting criteria in India, the industry should have enough l...

BACKGROUND The safe use of recycled paper and cardboard material for food packaging applications is     an important area of investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine which hazardous chemi- cal pollutants were found in paper and cardboard samples used for pastry packaging, and to measure the migration of pollutants over time into the pastries. METHODS In this study, the...