OBJECTIVE This research analyzed behavioral characteristics of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers during each season and growth stage to enable measurement of the animals' welfare level for precision livestock farming. METHODS A hundred-eight beef steers were divided into three equal groups at a Hanwoo farm according to their growth stage: growing stage (GS), 8 months; early-fattening stage ...

Footprint morphology (e.g., outline shape, depth of impression) is one of the key diagnostic features used in the interpretation of ancient vertebrate tracks. Over 80 tridactyl tracks, confined to the same bedding surface in the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation at Mafube (eastern Free State, South Africa), show large shape variability over the length of the study site. These morphological differ...

-Migrant warblers mist netted on Appledore Island, Maine, during spring and fall migration in 1990 and 199 1 allowed analysis of seasonal differences in stopover patterns, including recapture rates, stopover lengths, and changes in mass and fat during stopover. Northern Waterthrushes (Seiurus noveborucensis) and American Redstarts (Serophaga ruticilla) had higher recapture rates in the fall tha...

Recently, Matiullah et al. described the use of NaOH/ethanol as an etchant for the CR-39 detector, and have determined the corresponding bulk and track etch properties from the track diameter method. In the present work, the bulk and track etch properties of CR39 in NaOH/ethanol were derived from direct measurements. The bulk etch rate has been found to increase with the molarity of NaOH/ ethan...

While the wing kinematics of many flapping insects have been well characterized, understanding the underlying sensory, neural, and physiological mechanisms that determine these kinematics is still a challenge. Two main difficulties in understanding the physiological mechanisms arise from the complexity of the interaction between a flapping wing and its own unsteady flow, as well as the intricat...

Open coil springs are commonly used in orthodontic practice to create space for a palatally or lingually blocked out tooth. However, very often the clinician encounters a situation where the inter-bracket span is very less and the open coil spring is not long enough to open the required space needed for alignment. In such situations, the clinician needs to remove the arch wire and reinserts a l...

Abstract. Many cyclone detection and tracking methods (CDTMs) have been developed in the past to study climatology of extratropical cyclones. However, all CDTMs different approaches defining centers. This naturally leads track climatologies with inconsistent physical characteristics. More than that, it is typical for produce a non-negligible number tracks weak atmospheric features, which do not...

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on reproductive performance of bovine (Bos taurus) during summer, winter and spring for one year. The study was performed on free moving animals under natural condition during the two consecutive estrus periods by visual observation. The duration of estrus, numbers of mounts were observed. There was a sea...