Providing the solution to the debt and deficit problems of developed economies is too big a task. I doubt it is possible to offer general recipes that can apply to all industrial countries, despite the surprisingly common origins of the deficit problems documented by the Mussa and Masson paper in this conference. For example, while in most countries accumulated social security liabilities repre...

In structuring this conference, the organizers have made the sensible decision to devote separate sessions to the problems of developing and developed countries. When attempting to confront unsustainable fiscal policies, developed economies are relieved of many of the economic constraints with which developing countries must deal. With greater wealth, more stable and credible governments, and m...

During the recent decades, substantial changes are made in the borders and contents of physiology as a basic course for the students in medicine. Here some strategies are presented to preserve the classical and integrative approaches in teaching physiology, while these approaches extent our knowledge to molecular, sub-cellular and cellular levels.

Superfluid turbulence is governed by two dimensionless parameters. One of them is the intrinsic parameter q which characterizes the relative value of the friction force acting on a vortex with respect to the non-dissipative forces. The inverse parameter q−1 plays the same role as the Reynolds number Re = UR/ν in classical hydrodynamics. It marks the transition between the ”laminar” and turbulen...

A weighing matrix is a square matrix whose entries are 1, 0 or −1, such that the matrix times its transpose is some integer multiple of the identity matrix. We examine the case where these matrices are said to be developed by an abelian group. Through a combination of extending previous results and by giving explicit constructions we will answer the question of existence for 318 such matrices o...

For decades, the management of symptomatic cholelithiasis in high surgical risk patients has remained contentious. Cholecystectomy become firmly established as a procedure choice cholelithiasis. The usually necessitates general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation to prevent aspiration respiratory embarrassment secondary induction pneumoperitoneum. Open cholecystectomy (OC) embarrassment. We ...

this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...