Because secondary transmission masks the connection between sources and outbreaks, estimating the proportion of foodborne norovirus infections is difficult. We studied whether norovirus genotype frequency distributions (genotype profiles) can enhance detection of the sources of foodborne outbreaks. Control measures differ substantially; therefore, differentiating this transmission mode from per...

The main challenge for widespread adaptation of active automata learning is the effort required to design and implement application specific learning setups. In this paper, we propose an abstraction of GUI elements by dividing them into three categories: widgets, containers and windows. We analyse at how events are handled in Java, JavaFX and how the MVC pattern is structured. With this informa...

The human sapovirus (SaV) causes acute gastroenteritis mainly in infants and young children. A food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with SaV occurred among junior high school students in Yokohama, Japan, during and after a study trip. The nucleotide sequences of the partial capsid gene derived from the students exhibited 98% homology to a SaV genogroup IV strain, Hu/Angelholm/SW278...

This paper introduces a profiler architecture for control systems in system-level design. When designing a control system, we need to consider two things. The first thing is the asynchronous signal coming from sensors and actuators, which is called an interrupt request signal. The second thing is a process that should take a higher priority and be activated by an interrupt request signal, which...

PURPOSE To summarize evidence on the effectiveness of public health interventions regarding food safety at restaurants, institutions, homes and other community-based settings. METHOD This systematic review of published and unpublished studies involved a comprehensive literature search, screening for relevance, quality assessment of relevant studies, data extraction and synthesis. RESULTS Th...

Metastructures and metaterms have been proposed to extend Prolog systems 6, 5]. They enable special purpose uniications to be speciied. They are useful to implement for example coroutining and new domains of computation. In both cases, information is attached to variables, which then are encoded with metaterms or metastructures. This information must be taken into account during uniication. Pro...

We present an algebraic treatment of exception handlers and, more generally, introduce handlers for other computational effects representable by an algebraic theory. These include nondeterminism, interactive input/output, concurrency, state, time, and their combinations; in all cases the computation monad is the free-model monad of the theory. Each such handler corresponds to a model of the the...

This paper describes the thermal management and design challenges of testing packaged integrated circuit (IC) devices, specifically device thermal conditioning and device-under-test (DUT) temperature control. The approach taken is to discuss the individual thermal design issues as defined by the device type (e.g. memory, microcontroller) and tester capabilities. The influence of performance-par...