For most of its history Amsterdam securities trading was entirely unregulated and spread over various venues frequented by different social groups, handicapping price transparency. A public current emerged only in 1796 then with wide bid-ask spreads to protect margins. To combat the confusion a curious pricing method, mid-price system, during nineteenth century. Tied market microstructure centr...

Akademik kendini engelleme, düşük başarı elde edilmesi olası olan durumlardan çeşitli mazeretler öne sürerek kaçınma olarak nitelendirilebilir. Mevcut araştırmada, orijinal ergenler için geliştirilen Kendini Engelleme Ölçeği'nin (AKEÖ) psikometrik özelliklerinin üniversite öğrencileri belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim görmekte 485 (358 kadın ve 127) katıl...

Abstract Self-esteem plays a decisive role for students in achievement situations. However, it is still unclear how different self-esteem facets and their interactions influence academic which psychological mechanisms mediate these relationships. In Study 1, we investigated self-handicapping effort-management as mediators of the effects on 2 sample N = 600 university students, while examined te...

Abstract Procuring an innovation involves motivating a research effort to generate new idea and then implementing that efficiently. If efforts are unverifiable implementation costs private information, trade-off arises between the two objectives. The optimal mechanism resolves via instruments: cash prize follow-on contract. It primarily uses latter, by favouring innovator at stage when value of...

The decision about the appropriate clinician to manage a somatising disorder should depend on who has the skills to maximise the chances of recovery to normal child or adolescent functioning. This depends on the severity of the presentation, its impact on the child’s functioning and how long symptoms have lasted. Essentially, in the management of any conditions that are severe, handicapping, sl...

A sample of 99 early treated phenylketonuric children showed higher levels of behavioural deviance than 197 matched controls. For boys this excess of behavioural deviance persisted when IQ was taken into account. For phenylketonuric girls however it was restricted to those with IQs less than 70. The type of behavioural deviance shown by the boys over the whole IQ range was predominantly neuroti...

In many important high-technology markets, including software development, data processing, communications, aeronautics, and defense, suppliers learn through experience how to provide better service at lower cost. This paper examines how a buyer designs dynamic competition among rival suppliers to exploit learning economies while minimizing the costs of becoming locked in to one producer. Strat...