Despite mounting global eff orts to control tobacco use, tobacco smoking remains a common addiction with over 1 billion smokers in the world—about 40% of men and 10% of women. As a result, exposure to secondhand smoke, a known cause of morbidity and premature mortality, is widespread, occurring wherever people spend time in the presence of smokers. In The Lancet, Mattias Öberg and colleagues pr...

the east mediterranean region suffers from high levels of air pollution which has a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. this work systematically reviews the epidemiological evidence on maternal exposure to air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the region. relevant papers and reports published between 2000 and 2014 were searched. combinations of search terms including countries, exp...

BACKGROUND In April 2007, smoke-free legislation was enacted in workplaces throughout N. Ireland. The effects of this legislation on bar workers' health and their exposure to second-hand smoke at home, work and social environment, and their attitudes to the legislation before and after its implementation remain to be documented. METHODS A self-completed questionnaire of bar staff in 35 Belfas...

Second hand tobacco smoke exposure has been associated with neurobehavioral disorders among children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between second hand smoking and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children in the United States. Parent-reported postnatal tobacco exposure inside and outside the house and ASD diagnosis was examined in children younger than 12 years...

The association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood antisocial outcomes has been demonstrated repeatedly across a variety of outcomes. Yet debate continues as to whether this association reflects a direct programming effect of nicotine on fetal brain development, or a phenotypic indicator of heritable liability passed from mother to child. In the current study, we examine re...

OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of children's exposure to second-hand smoke in the family car; to compare exposure among children with smoking and non-smoking parents. METHODS In 2011, a self-administered questionnaire was applied to a 4th grade Portuguese children national sample (N=3187, mean age 9.5 ± 0.7, 51.1% boys). Prevalence rates and chi-square tests were computed. RESULTS Of t...

Second and third hand exposure to cannabis smoke is predicted lead THC concentrations exceeding impaired driving laws in adults toddlers, but enhanced ventilation particle filtration are effective mitigation measures.

PURPOSE Abnormalities in corneal reepithelialization caused by second-hand cigarette smoke (CS) are less known than the effects of CS on other tissues. The effects of CS on corneal epithelial cell migration and associated signaling mechanisms were examined, to determine the mechanisms by which CS delays corneal wound healing. METHODS Corneal epithelial cells in two-dimensional or organ cultur...