In this paper, we propose a fast 2-D block-based motion estimation algorithm called Particle Swarm Optimization Zero-motion Prejudgment(PSO-ZMP) which consists of three sequential routines: 1)Zero-motion prejudgment. The routine aims at finding static macroblocks(MB) which do not need to perform remaining search thus reduces the computational cost; 2)Predictive image coding and 3)PSO matching r...

This section contains statements of our results on homotopy operations as well as some applications of these results. The proofs depend on material in §2 and will be given in §3Note that, aside from the computations in ~,S at the end of this section, all the results here apply to the homotopy of any H ring spectrum Y. Let ~:DpY + Y denote the structure map. The order of results in this section ...

Introduction Dichelobacter nodosus is the causative agent of severe footrot, a contagious debilitating disease which affects ruminants particularly sheep and goats. The disease is characterised by separation of the hom of the hoof from the underlying soft tissues resulting in lameness, loss of body condition and reduced wool production (Rood et al. 1996). The first case of footrot in Malaysia w...

Motion Estimation (ME) algorithm plays a vital role in video compression. This is used to find the motion information of the video sequence represented by Motion Vector (MV). The motion estimation is the primary reason for computational complexity of video compression. Some of the motion estimation algorithms such as Block matching Algorithm, Diamond Search, Adaptive Rood Pattern Searches, Redu...

Metabolic syndrome is a term drawing together a seemingly disparate set of clinical findings in human patients, these including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Obesity is a common but not consistent finding. The term has been subsequently applied to horses with obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. A chronic pro-i...

Recall that algebraic sets are characterized by resolution tower structures [AK1], [AK2]. A topological space with such a structure is called a T R space for short. In low dimensions existence of resolution tower structures can often be detected by combinatorial invariants of the underlying topological spaces. For example, let X be a locally cone-like Euler stratified space (i.e., a locally con...

Mercury concentrations in the sediments of south Florida wetlands have increased three fold in the last century (Rood et al. 1993). Because south Florida is home to many endemic and endangered species, it is important to understand the potential impacts of mercury in this ecosystem's food web. Recent research by Malley et al. (1996) has shown mollusks to be sensitive indicators of methyl mercur...

An adaptive grid technique has been applied to a revised version of NCAR/NASA’s next generation dynamical core for climate and weather research. This hydrostatic so-called Lin-Rood dynamics package is based on a conservative and monotonic finite volume discretization in flux form. The adaptive model design utilizes a spherical adaptive-grid library which is based on a cache-efficient block-stru...