Problem statement: This study presented bone like apatite formation on yttria stabilized zirconia in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) through hydroxylation technique. Approach: Sol gel route was used to prepare yttria stabilized zirconia. Then it was hydroxylated with 5M H3PO4 for formation of Zr-OH group. Moreover, the growth rate of calcium and phosphate on zirconia substrate was examined using sim...

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate micro-tensile bond strength and the conditioning patterns of a self-etching primer bonding system to un-etched (with extended priming) and etched ground fluorosed enamel. Materials and Methods: Extracted premolars were classified according to severity of fluorosis using Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI: 0, normal; 1-3, mild fluorosis; and 4-6, mod...

The leachates generated at Hong Kong landfill sites contain high strength of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) over 3,000 mg l(-1) and are generally inhibitive to most biological treatment processes. To remove the NH4+-N from the landfill leachates and also recover the nitrogen as a struvite fertilizer, a lab-scale study was performed to investigate the feasibility of NH4+-N removal and struvite cryst...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Demineralization of enamel adjacent to orthodontic appliances frequently occurs, commonly due to insufficient oral hygiene. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare two microabrasion techniques on improving the white spot lesions as well as subsequent enamel discoloration. MATERIALS AND METHOD Sixty extracted premolar teeth without caries and hypoplasia were sel...

Transparent free-standing mesoporous silica (MS) films were synthesized from a system of TMOS-Brij-Acid-H2O. The non-ionic surfactants used included Brij 22 (C12EO10OH), Brij 56 (C16EO10OH), and Brij 76 (C18EO10OH). The acids used include HCl, H3PO4, and CF3SO3H. The effect of synthesis parameters on the synthesis and the proton conductivity of mesoporous silica were investigated. The Brij 56/C...

This paper deals with the theoretical modeling of surface reflectance of acid textured multicrystalline wafer used in the processing of solar cell to minimize the surface reflectivity and there by enhancing the efficiency of the cell without wasting the wafers and time in optimizing the texturization process for the development of high efficiency solar cell. In the present study, texturization ...

An agro-waste/wood-dust of Dalbergia sisoo (Sisau)derived activated carbons have been applied as a potential adsorbent to remove anionic dye “Eosin Y” from aqueous solution. The were synthesized by carbonization technique. chemical activation was done impregnating with three different agents, i.e. acid, base and salt, namely phosphoric acid (H3PO4) , potassium hydroxide (KOH) sodium carbonate (...