Caenorhabditis elegans gut granules are lysosome-related organelles with birefringent contents. mrp-4, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter homologous to mammalian multidrug resistance proteins, functions in the formation of gut granule birefringence. mrp-4(-) embryos show a delayed appearance of birefringent material in the gut granule but otherwise appear to form gut granul...

Gut microbiota play key roles in host nutrition and metabolism. However, little is known about the relationship between host genetics, gut microbiota and metabolic profiles. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry approaches to characterize the microbiota composition and the metabolite profiles in the gut of five cyprinid fish species with three differe...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disease that is the most common type of dementia.ad includes 60_80% of dementia and most people with ad have more than 65 years old.ad causes losing neuronal activity by abnormal proteins. plaques of beta-amyloid and tangles of “tau” protein can lead to ad. recently evidence has found that ad may come from outside of central nervous system (cns) a...

Transferring gut microbiota from one individual to another may enable researchers to "humanize" the gut of animal models and transfer phenotypes between species. To date, most studies of gut microbiota transfer are performed in germ-free mice. In the studies presented, it was tested whether an antibiotic treatment approach could be used instead. C57BL/6 mice were treated with ampicillin prior t...

We consider the doublet-triplet splitting problem in supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory in five dimensions where the fifth dimension is non-compact. We point out that an unnatural fine-tuning of parameters in order to obtain the light Higgs doublets is not required due to the exponential suppression of the overlap of the wave functions. e-mail address: [email protected]; J...

Gut-associated microbes of insects are postulated to provide a variety of nutritional functions including provisioning essential amino acids (EAAs). Demonstrations of EAA provisioning in insect-gut microbial systems, nonetheless, are scant. In this study, we investigated whether the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes sourced EAAs from its gut-associated microbiota. δ (13)CEAA ...

Numerous mobile genetic elements (MGE) are associated with the human gut microbiota and collectively referred to as the gut mobile metagenome. The role of this flexible gene pool in development and functioning of the gut microbial community remains largely unexplored, yet recent evidence suggests that at least some MGE comprising this fraction of the gut microbiome reflect the co-evolution of h...

Gut microbes affect the physiology of their hosts. Studying diversity and functions is thus utmost importance as it will open new avenues towards discovery biomolecules treatment diseases. microbiome research currently boosted by unification metagenomics, which has dominated field in last two decades, cultivation, experiencing a renaissance. Each these approaches advantages drawbacks that can b...

Dysbiosis or imbalance in the gut microbiome has been correlated with etiology of a number diseases/disorders. Thus, microbial communities can potentially be utilized for assessing health human gut. Although taxonomic composition microbiomes is dependent on factors such as diet, lifestyle, and geography, these microbes perform specific set common functions In this study, metabolic pathway-based...

Psychobiotics are a special class of probiotics that have beneficial effect on human mental health. During the last decade, convincing evidence has emerged gut microbiome influences health, cognitive abilities (learning and memory), behavioral processes through neurological, metabolic, hormonal, immunological signaling pathways. This review provides available information mechanisms regulation n...