In this paper we set out to explore the prevalence of child undernutrition found in community studies in affluent societies, but a preliminary literature review revealed that, in the absence of a gold standard method of diagnosis, the prevalence largely depends on the measure, threshold and the growth reference used, as well as age. We thus go on to explore describe the common clinical ‘syndrom...

The "fetal origins hypothesis" or concept of "developmental programming" suggests that faltering fetal growth and subsequent catch-up growth are implicated in the aetiology of cardiovascular disease. Associations between reduced birth weight, rapid postnatal weight gain, and asthma suggest that there are fetal origins to respiratory disease. The present paper first summarises the literature rel...

This study examines the growth effects of real exchange rate (RER) misalignment and capital flight in Turkey during period 1981-2019. The World Bank’s residual method suggests that is a widespread problem Single Equation Approach adopted to delineate series RER identifies Turkey’s significantly misaligned throughout sample period. Their are then examined using autoregressive distributed lag (AR...

Abstract We present a case of 13 year old boy with global developmental delay, due to leukoencephalopathy, recent onset epilepsy and faltering growth. There was background chronic abdominal pain, considered be gastroesophageal reflux disease. He presented an acute exacerbation his distention shock. Ultimately superior mesenteric artery thrombosis diagnosed treated. This report focusses on the c...

Europe’s plans to more than double its use of biofuels by 2020 is ‘significantly’ adding to worldwide carbon emissions, according to a new report. Europe is committed to source 10 per cent of its transport fuel from renewable sources, such as biofuels, within 10 years. But the British government says the policy is proving counterproductive and the greenhouse emissions associated with biofuels a...

Growth was studied in 83 children with cleft lip and/or palate aged 0-4 years attending a specialist regional centre. Information was collected by a personal interview, postal questionnaire, and record review. The group as a whole grew relatively poorly in early infancy but subsequently recovered, attaining both expected weight and height by last follow up at age 25.5 months (range 3 to 47). Ho...