Basic concepts of crystal growth and their practical use to semi-quantitatively estimate growth processes are explained: surface energy and free energy, driving force of crystallization, atomically rough vs smooth interface structure and the corresponding normal vs layer-by-layer growth modes, application of the activated complex concept to derive kinetic coefficient characterizing crystal grow...

In order to calculate the redis tr ibut ion of boron in silicon by both diffusion and autodoping dur ing epitaxial growth, certain materials parameters must be known as a function of temperature. The parameters are the diffusion coefficient of boron, the evaporat ion coefficient of boron from silicon, and the silicon evaporation rate in a hydrogen ambient. The value of the diffusion coefficient...

human capital (labor quality or knowledge embedded in human beings) is one the important issues in recent decade, because concentrating on this kind of capital can improve products and can make economic growth and development. this study has been investigated effective factors on human capital, emphasis on resource abundance for opec countries in period 2000-2012. to achieve that object, arturo...

In this paper, we assess the empirical relationship between population growth, mobility, and state-level capital spending in the United States. To evaluate the magnitude of the coefficients, we introduce an explicit, quantitative political-economy model of government spending determination, where mobility and population growth generate departures from Ricardian equivalence. Our estimates find s...

This paper explores empirically whether Japanese consumers became more prudent in the second half of the 1990s, a decade in which Japan registered historically low economic growth. Employing the methodology developed by Dynan (1993), this study uses microlevel data from the Family Savings Survey and the Family Income and Expenditure Survey to estimate the coefficient of prudence for Japanese ho...

This paper explores the impact of nationally held public debt and foreign debt on the US economy. It has tried to define the nationally held public debt as an additional asset for the private sector by insuring a source of future saving, an increase in investment capacity and a source of increase in demand. A linear regression analysis of 39 observations from 1970 to 2014, using different lengt...

The paper, motivated by the extent of government involvement in the financial sectors of many countries, presents a model of a link between financial intermediation and economic growth. The model conceptualises a financial leverage coefficient, a construct which is the outcome of aggravated moral hazard generated by a combination of government involvement in financial intermediation and the pre...

Is globalization conducive to long-run economic growth and development? Almost certainly yes. But as for trade’s impact on long-run political growth and development, here the state of our knowledge lags far behind. This chapter attempts to redress the imbalance. Rather than focus on globalization’s longer-run economic externalities, I highlight the political consequences of openness—e.g., the d...

This paper empirically investigates the importance of technological catch-up in explaining productivity growth in a sample countries since the 1960s. New proxies for a country's absorptive capability – based on data for students studying abroad, telecommunications and publications – are used. Various regression models are estimated, with both GDP per worker growth and multifactor productivity g...

Robert J. Barro’s article, “Inflation and Growth,” presents the results of regressions of per capita output growth on inflation across countries and over time. He finds that there is a statistically significant negative slope coefficient estimate in these regressions; the estimate usually lies between 0.02 and 0.04. As far as I can tell, Barro wants to interpret these results as follows. Suppos...