If the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration in the atmosphere changes in the future, as predicted, it could influence crops and insect pests. The growth and development of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), reared on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) foliage grown under elevated CO(2) (550 ppm and 700 ppm) concentrations in open top chambers at Central Re...

Wild strains of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) exhibit extensive natural variation in a wide variety of traits, including response to environmental changes. Ambient temperature is one of the major external factors that modulates plant growth and development. Here, we analyze the genetic architecture of natural variation in thermal responses of Arabidopsis. Exploiting wild accessions and rec...

Early and late season-planted bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge, cultivar `Pensacola') were grown in open-top chambers (OTC) to which added air had been carbon-®ltered (CF), representative of that found at pristine air quality sites; non-®ltered (NF), characteristic of ambient air in Auburn, AL and representative of that found in rural agricultural areas; or enriched with ozone (O3) to twice-...

Testing whether and how subordinate individuals differ from dominants in the utilization of enriched CO2 atmospheres is important for understanding future stand and community structure. We hypothesized that subordinate and dominant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) (common ragweed) plants growing in dense stands would not equally acquire or utilize carbon gains from CO2-enrichment, and th...

Although otolith Strontium (Sr)/calcium (Ca) ratios have been widely used to reconstruct the past salinity environmental history of anguillid eels, factors affecting the Sr/Ca ratios in otoliths are incompletely understood. Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) elvers (mean length 54.7±2.1 mm) were collected in the estuary during their upstream migration and reared at 5 different salinities (0, 5, 1...

The efficient sequestration of nutrients is vital for the growth and survival of microorganisms. Some nutrients, such as CO2 and NH3, are readily diffusible across the cell membrane. The large membrane permeability of these nutrients obviates the need of transporters when the ambient level is high. When the ambient level is low, however, maintaining a high intracellular nutrient level against p...

The bubble growth problems in both boiling and electrolysis are nondimensionalized in such a way as to make them identical. Nonuniformity of the initial temperature and the possibility of a measure of subcooling in the ambient liquid are considered. The nondimensiona/ization makes it possible to compare gas-bubble growth theory with vaporbubble growth data. Such a comparison is made for the dat...

Energy efficiency is regarded as an important objective in a world of limited resources. The sustainable use of energy is necessary for the continuity of life styles that do not jeopardize the future. Nevertheless, due to poor information about the impact of human actions on the environment, it is hard to promote and warn for sustainability. This work focuses on the use of ambient intelligence ...