Child care centers are a unique context for studying communication about the social and personal expectations about health behaviors. The theory of normative social behavior (TNSB; Rimal & Real, 2005 ) provides a framework for testing the role of social and psychological influences on handwashing behaviors among child care workers. A cross-sectional survey of child care workers in 21 centers in...

Background Evidence suggests adolescent self-esteem is influenced by beliefs of how individuals in their reference group perceive them. However, few studies examine how gender- and violence-related social norms affect self-esteem among refugee populations. This paper explores relationships between gender inequitable and victim-blaming social norms, personal attitudes, and self-esteem among adol...

Three studies tested the contribution of perceived autonomy support to the prediction of health-related intentions within the theory of planned behavior. Perceived autonomy support refers to the extent to which individuals perceive that significant others encourage choice and participation in decisionmaking, provide a meaningful rationale, minimize pressure, and acknowledge the individual’s fee...

OBJECTIVE Perceived descriptive drinking norms often differ from actual norms and are positively related to personal consumption. However, it is not clear how normative perceptions vary with specificity of the reference group. Are drinking norms more accurate and more closely related to drinking behavior as reference group specificity increases? Do these relationships vary as a function of part...

A scenario-based experiment was used to test five hypotheses concerning group and individual predictors of individual intentions to perform helping behavior in a group. The results of an ANCOVA indicated that descriptive helping norms, personal helping norms, and selfmonitoring perceptions were positively associated with individual intentions to perform helping behavior. The findings underscore...

• Sparse coding. • Structured sparsity (e.g., disjunct groups, trees): increased performance in several applications. • Our goal: develop a dictionary learning method, which – enables general overlapping group structures, – is online: fast, memory efficient, adaptive, – applies non-convex sparsity inducing regularization: ∗ fewer measurements, ∗ weaker conditions on the dictionary, ∗ robust (w....

the current regulated particle metric in vehicle emissions is the total mass, while during last decade interest in number size distribution has increased. various international studies on epidemiology and toxicology have reported the adverse effect of the particle matter on public health. the unece group of experts on pollution and energy (grpe) under particle measurement program (pmp) are unde...

People often use norms to coordinate behavior and accomplish shared goals. But how do people learn and represent norms? Here, we formalize the process by which collaborating individuals (1) reason about group plans during interaction, and (2) use task features to abstractly represent norms. In Experiment 1, we test the assumptions of our model in a gridworld that requires coordination and contr...

This research evaluated the efficacy of a live and interactive group-specific normative feedback intervention designed to correct misperceptions of alcohol-related group norms and subsequently reduce drinking behavior. Campus organizations (N = 20) containing 1,162 college students were randomly assigned to intervention or assessment-only control conditions. Participants in the intervention con...

The Psychological Clinic of the University of Pennsylvania, under the direction of Dr. Lightner Witmer, is establishing norms at the fifteen-year-old level. This includes the high school group, which is made up of children who have completed the eighth grade and who are required to attend the high school until they go to work or reach their sixteenth birthday. The present analytic study of all ...