dand f -shells support a large number of local degrees of freedom: dipoles, quadrupoles, octupoles, hexadecapoles, etc. Usually, the ordering of any multipole component leaves the system sufficiently symmetrical to allow a second symmetry breaking transition. To classify the possibilities, one has to construct the symmetry group of the first ordered phase, and then re-classify the order paramet...

In this paper, by using the famous Brouwer fixed point theorem, some existence theorems of strong efficient solutions for the strong vector equilibrium problems are obtained on noncompact sets of general real Hausdorff topological vector spaces without assuming that the dual of the ordering cone has a weak∗ compact base. Moreover, the closeness and the convexity of the strong efficient solution...

Growth cone collapse occurs in repulsive axon guidance and is accompanied by a reduction in the surface area of the plasma membrane of growth cones. However, the mechanism of this reduction is unclear. Here, we show that during growth cone collapse, caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release from ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) stores triggers the formation of large vacuoles in growth cones by macropinocytosis...

We consider the (massive) Gross-Neveu model using the light cone quantization where we solve the constraints explicitly. We show that the vacuum is trivial and that the quantization fails when m = 0. We discuss how the running coupling constant emerges as a pure normal ordering effect in this context and the bound state equation. E-mail [email protected], 22105::PESANDO, 31890::I PESANDO. W...

Consider a sequence {xn}n—Q in a normed space X converging to some x* £ X. It is shown that the sequence satisfies a condition of the type ||x* -x„|| < oi||xn xn_¡\\ for some constant a and every n > 1, if the associated null sequence {e„}„=q, en = x* — xn, is uniformly decreasing in norm or if it is alternating with respect to any ordering whose cone of positive elements is acute.

The light–cone lattice approach to the massive Thirring model is reformulated using a local and integrable lattice Hamiltonian written in terms of discrete fermi fields. Several subtle points concerning boundary conditions, normal–ordering, continuum limit, finite renormalizations and decoupling of fermion doublers are elucidated. The relations connecting the six–vertex anisotropy and the vario...