In the early years of the twentieth century, enormous concern was focused on the relationship between the health of the child and the welfare of the nation. In 1902, Leslie Mackenzie and Matthew Hay informed the Royal Commission on Physical Training (Scotland) that large numbers of children in Aberdeen and Edinburgh were suffering from serious medical conditions which could pose a threat to the...

Knowledge of future mortality levels and trends is important for actuarial practice but poses a challenge to actuaries and demographers. The Lee-Carter method, currently used for mortality forecasting, is based on the assumption that the historical evolution of mortality at all age groups is driven by one factor only. This approach cannot capture an additive manner of mortality decline observed...

Groundwater irrigation has been instrumental in enhancing food security and, arguably, in mitigating poverty in developing countries. Groundwater provides timely irrigation, leading to an increase in crop intensity and productivity (Food and Agriculture Organization 2003). But groundwater irrigation also contributes the most to the depletion of groundwater reserves. Countries with significant g...

Groundwater from the coastal aquifers north of Chennai is being pumped since 1981 to meet the increasing demand. Huge groundwater extracting in the coastal aquifers groundwater causes lowering of groundwater table which led to seawater intrusion. The objective of this study is to assess the behavior of this aquifer to seawater intrusion under different hydrological stresses by groundwater model...

Abstract The Gedebage district in Bandung city has experienced a vast physical development recent years. Previous geodetic studies showed that the area undergoes high-rate land subsidence. subsurface soil of remarkably high compressibility, void ratio, and water content. A thick sequence soft organic clay 20-27 m exists, making prone to subside. As continues develop, it is important predict fut...

This paper builds on the concept of “socio-ecological fix” to emphasise contradictions inherent in seeking produce nature through such fixes for insecure petty commodity producers who occupy class place both labour and capital. I explore how producer households cultivating tobacco western Tamil Nadu, South India, are reworking practices managing erratic rainfall groundwater depletion. Agricultu...

[1] Fluvial erosion on early Mars was dominated by valley networks created through a combination of groundwater processes and surface runoff. A reduced greenhouse effect due to CO2 loss, together with a declining geothermal heat flux, promoted the growth of a cryosphere and a Hesperian hydrologic regime dominated by outflow channel formation. We test the hypothesis that the transition from vall...