the use of saline groundwater resources, in addition to save fresh water, could be used in production of forage in saline soils. in order to do it, the area in northern ardakan, yazd province with saline ground water (ec= 11.25ds/m, sar= 16.7) and saline and alkaline soil (ec=27.3ds/m, esp= 30.2%) was selected for planting of atriplelentiformis, seidlitzia rosemarinus, and nitraria schoberi. th...

Few studies have examined how below-ground interactions among plants affect the abundance and community composition of symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we combined observations during drought with a removal experiment to examine the effects of below-ground interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) shrubs on the growth of pinyon pines (Pinus edulis), and the abundance and community composi...

We introduce a new method for the visualization and simulation of the growth and developments of competing plants. In this method the plant competition for resources is illustrated as aboveand below-ground competition. The strength of the below-ground competition depends on the neighboring root biomass. The strength of the aboveground competition depends on the neighboring plant body biomass. W...

In West Africa and Nigeria in particular, many virgin plants are still waiting to be evaluated for their medicinal importance. Claims of plants with folk medicinal applications need to be evaluated and verified. Gomphrena celosioides (family – Amaranthaceae) is a weed grown in lawns and the biological activity of the extract had earlier been established. In the present study, the plant was coll...

Aim: The basic aim of this thesis was to disentangle phosphorus status-dependent and -independent effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus hoi) on the components of plant growth: morphology and assimilation rates, in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Materials & Methods: In a first experiment, I assessed phosphorus response functions of leaf and plant morphological components ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of heavy metal tolerant soil microbes inoculation on growth and metal uptake of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), couch grass (Triticum repens) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in a soil spiked (and subsequently aged) with increasing concentrations of Pb. A soil sample (soil 1) was spiked with increasing (0 to 1500 mg/kg) concentrations of Pb and in...

Willows (Salix spp.) grown as short rotation coppice (SRC) are viewed as a sustainable source of biomass with a positive greenhouse gas (GHG) balance due to their potential to fix and accumulate carbon (C) below ground. However, exploiting this potential has been limited by the paucity of data available on below ground biomass allocation and the extent to which it varies between genotypes. Furt...

In contrast to mRNAs, ribosomal RNAs are generally not considered to be polyadenylated. Only a few recent reports describe non-abundant polyadenylated rRNA-related transcripts that have been detected and characterized in yeast and in human cells. Here we depict the phenomenon of 26S rRNA polyadenylation and degradation that was observed in shoots of Nicotiana tabaccum plants grown in the presen...

Allelic diversity at the self-incompatibility (S-) locus in the ground cherry, Physalis crassifolia (Solanaceae), was surveyed in a natural population occurring in Deep Canyon, CA, using a molecular assay to determine the genotype of individual plants. A total of 28 different S-alleles were identified and sequenced from a sample of 22 plants. All plants examined were heterozygous, as expected u...

Although self-discrimination has been well documented, especially in animals, self-discrimination in plants has been identified in only a few cases, such as self-incompatibility in flowers and root discrimination. Here, were port a new form of self-discrimination in plants: discrimination by vine tendrils. We found that tendrils of the perennial vine Cayratia japonica were more likely to coil a...