to evaluate the earth seismic response due to earthquake effects, ground response analyses are used to predict ground surface motions for development of design response spectra, to compute dynamic stresses and strains for evaluation of liquefaction hazards, and to determine the earthquake induced forces that can lead to instability of earth and earth-retaining structures. most of the analytical...

Although wake vortices are known to decay more rapidly near the ground than away from the ground, the details of the ground interaction are not well understood. Propeller anemometer arrays located under the approach path have been used to study vortex transport and provide some information about the vortex interaction with the ground, such as the generation of secondary vortices via boundary-la...

During the SATURN experiment, which took place from 27 May to 14 June 2002, new particle formation in the continental boundary layer was investigated. Simultaneous ground-based and tethered-balloon-borne measurements were performed, including meteorological parameters, particle number concentrations and size distributions, gaseous precursor concentrations and SODAR and LIDAR observations. Newly...

We study the ground state which minimizes a Gross–Pitaevskii energy with general non-radial trapping potential, under the unit mass constraint, in the Thomas–Fermi limit where a small parameter ε tends to 0. This ground state plays an important role in the mathematical treatment of recent experiments on the phenomenon of Bose–Einstein condensation, and in the study of various types of solutions...

This study addresses the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics in the Grenoble valleys during persistent inversions, for 5 months during the 2006–2007 winter. During a persistent inversion, the boundary layer contains a layer with a positive vertical temperature gradient over a few days. Temperature data recorded on the valley sidewalls are first used. A bulk measure of the boundary layer stabili...

Several spring-damper-mass models of the human body have been developed in order to reproduce the measured ground vertical reaction forces during human running (McMahon and Cheng, 1990; Ferris et al., 1999; Liu and Nigg, 2000). In particular, Liu and Nigg introduced at the lower level of their model, i.e. at the interface between the human body and the ground, a nonlinear element representing s...