Mobile Ad hoc networks are recent wireless networking model for cellular phone hosts. Ad hoc networks do not rely on any stable infrastructure because they are independent. In geographic routing, nodes need to maintain up-to-date positions of their immediate neighbors for making effective forwarding decisions. Beacon packets are broadcasted periodically with the geographic location coordinates ...

In today’s Internet core, routers store forwarding state proportional to the number of edge networks. As the Internet grows and core line rates increase, routers require memories that are increasingly fast and large—and are correspondingly increasingly expensive and difficult to engineer. In this paper, we present Reduced-State Routing (RSR), in which core routers require state only concerning ...

A MANET is a self configuring infrastructure less networks. It is usually connected by wireless. Each device in a MANET is independently to move in any direction. To maintain neighbor position the geographic location coordinates of the node is a famous method used by most geographic routing protocol for the purpose of periodic broadcasting of beacon packets. If the location information is not a...

One of the most critical tasks in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is broadcasting Emergency Messages (EMs) at considerable data delivery rates (DDRs). The enhanced spider-web-like Transmission Mechanism for Data (TMED) based on request spiders and authenticated to create shortest route path between source vehicle target vehicles. However, adjacent allocation DDR only it not clear whether eac...

Abstract- Efficient message delivery in city environment is required to ensure driver’s safety and passenger’s comfortability. In cities of developed nations, routing of data in vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) faces many challenges such as radio obstacles, mobility constraints and uneven nodes distribution. These factors primarily makes communication between vehicles complex. To overcome and t...

Routing in sensor networks is a challenging issue due to inherent constraints such as energy, memory and CPU processing capabilities. The energy efficiency is one of the key concerns in sensor networks for their better performance, as sensor nodes are limited in their battery power. In this research work, different routing algorithms have been studied and the main focus was on geographic routin...

VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) are highly mobile wireless ad hoc networks and will play an important role in public safety communications and commercial applications. Routing of data in VANETs is a challenging task due to rapidly changing topology and high speed mobility of vehicles. Conventional routing protocols in MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) are unable to fully address the unique cha...

Geographical routing protocols have been received serious attention due to their advantages as compared to conventional routing protocols. They require information about the physical position of nodes to be available. Commonly, each node determines its own position through the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) or some other type of positioning service. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (G...

A wireless sensor network needs a suitable multihop routing protocol to facilitate the communication between arbitrary sensor nodes. Position-based routing protocols are attractive for large-scale sensor networks due to their location awareness and scalability. A large number of position-based routing protocols use the greedy forwarding strategy. This paper presents an efficient implementation ...

In multihop wireless networks, delivering a packet to all nodes within a specified geographic distance from the source is a packet forwarding primitive (geography-limited broadcasting), which has a wide range of applications including disaster recovery, environment monitoring, intelligent transportation, battlefield communications, and location-based services. Geography-limited broadcasting, ho...